4-(3,4-dihydronaphth-1-yl or 2h-chromen-4-yl)-5-hydroxy-2h-pyradizin-3-ones as herbicides

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, Formula (1) wherein W, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , n, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , L and G are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to certain saturated bicyclic pyridazinones, their N-oxides, salts and compositions, and methods of their use for controlling undesirable vegetation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The control of undesired vegetation is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Achievement of selective control of the growth of weeds especially in such useful crops as rice, soybean, sugar beet, maize, potato, wheat, barley, tomato and plantation crops, among others, is very desirable. Unchecked weed growth in such useful crops can cause significant reduction in productivity and thereby result in increased costs to the consumer. The control of undesired vegetation in noncrop areas is also important. Many products are commercially available for these purposes, but the need continues for new compounds that are more effective, less costly, less toxic, environmentally safer or have different sites of action. Patent application publications WO 2015/168010 and WO 2017/074992, and patent application PCT/US18/24742 disclose substituted pyridazinones. The saturated bicyclic pyridazinones of the present invention are are not disclosed in these patent applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed to compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides of such compounds, and salts of such compounds, and agricultural compositions containing such compounds, and the use of such compounds as herbicides:

wherein

-   -   W is —C(R⁷)(R⁸)— or —O—;     -   R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈         alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇         alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₅         cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇         haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇         alkylthioalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy;     -   R² is H, halogen, cyano, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈         alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₁-C₄         alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl,         C₂-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄         alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₂-C₈ dialkylamino, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₅ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄         nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇         haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio or         C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl;     -   each R³ is independently H, halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C₅ alkyl,         C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅         cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₂-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅         haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy,         C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl;     -   n is 0 to 3;     -   each R⁴ is independently H, halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C₅ alkyl,         C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅         cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₂-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅         haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy,         C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl;     -   R⁵ is H or C₁-C₅ alkyl;     -   R⁶ is H or C₁-C₅ alkyl;     -   R⁷ is H or C₁-C₅ alkyl;     -   R⁸ is H or C₁-C₅ alkyl;     -   L is a direct bond, C₁-C₄ alkanediyl or C₂-C₄ alkenediyl;     -   G is H, C(═O)R⁹, C(═S)R⁹, CO₂R¹⁰, C(═O)SR¹⁰, S(O)₂R⁹,         C(═O)N(R¹¹)(R¹²), S(═O)₂N(R¹¹)(R¹²) or P(═O)(R¹³)(R¹⁴); or C₁-C₇         alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₅         haloalkenyl, C₂-C₄ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₆         cycloalkyl or C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl; or a 5- or 6-membered         heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl         or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl;     -   R⁹ and R¹¹ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl,         C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇         haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl or C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl; or         phenyl, benzyl, or a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each         phenyl, benzyl or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by         halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl;     -   R¹⁰ is C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇         alkoxyalkyl or C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl; or phenyl, benzyl or a 5-         to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each phenyl, benzyl or         heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl         or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl;     -   R¹² is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₂-C₇ alkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇         alkoxyalkyl;     -   R¹³ is C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy; and     -   R¹⁴ is C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy.

More particularly, this invention pertains to a compound of Formula 1 (including all stereoisomers), an N-oxide or a salt thereof. This invention also relates to a herbicidal composition comprising a compound of the invention (i.e. in a herbicidally effective amount) and at least one component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents. This invention further relates to a method for controlling the growth of undesired vegetation comprising contacting the vegetation or its environment with a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of the invention (e.g., as a composition described herein).

This invention also includes a herbicidal mixture comprising (a) a compound selected from Formula 1, N-oxides, and salts thereof, and (b) at least one additional active ingredient selected from (b1) through (b16); and salts of compounds of (b1) through (b16), as described below.

DETAILS OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains”, “containing,” “characterized by” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitation explicitly indicated. For example, a composition, mixture, process or method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process or method.

The transitional phrase “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified. If in the claim, such would close the claim to the inclusion of materials other than those recited except for impurities ordinarily associated therewith. When the phrase “consisting of” appears in a clause of the body of a claim, rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the element set forth in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

The transitional phrase “consisting essentially of” is used to define a composition or method that includes materials, steps, features, components, or elements, in addition to those literally disclosed, provided that these additional materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. The term “consisting essentially of” occupies a middle ground between “comprising” and “consisting of”.

Where applicants have defined an invention or a portion thereof with an open-ended term such as “comprising,” it should be readily understood that (unless otherwise stated) the description should be interpreted to also describe such an invention using the terms “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of.”

Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

Also, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” preceding an element or component of the invention are intended to be nonrestrictive regarding the number of instances (i.e. occurrences) of the element or component. Therefore “a” or “an” should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of the element or component also includes the plural unless the number is obviously meant to be singular.

As referred to herein, the term “seedling”, used either alone or in a combination of words means a young plant developing from the embryo of a seed.

As referred to herein, the term “broadleaf” used either alone or in words such as “broadleaf weed” means dicot or dicotyledon, a term used to describe a group of angiosperms characterized by embryos having two cotyledons.

In the above recitations, the term “alkyl”, used either alone or in compound words such as “alkylthio” or “haloalkyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkyl, such as, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, or the different butyl, pentyl or hexyl isomers. “Alkenyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkenes such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, and the different butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl isomers. “Alkenyl” also includes polyenes such as 1,2-propadienyl and 2,4-hexadienyl. “Alkynyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkynes such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and the different butynyl, pentynyl and hexynyl isomers. “Alkynyl” can also include moieties comprised of multiple triple bonds such as 2,5-hexadiynyl.

“Alkoxy” includes, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy and the different butoxy, pentoxy and hexyloxy isomers. “Alkoxyalkyl” denotes alkoxy substitution on alkyl. Examples of “alkoxyalkyl” include CH₃OCH₂, CH₃OCH₂CH₂, CH₃CH₂OCH₂, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂ and CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂. “Alkoxyalkoxy” denotes alkoxy substitution on alkoxy. “Alkylthio” includes branched or straight-chain alkylthio moieties such as methylthio, ethylthio, and the different propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio and hexylthio isomers. “Alkylthioalkyl” denotes alkylthio substitution on alkyl. Examples of “alkylthioalkyl” include CH₃SCH₂, CH₃SCH₂CH₂, CH₃CH₂SCH₂, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂SCH₂ and CH₃CH₂SCH₂CH₂. “Cyanoalkyl” denotes an alkyl group substituted with one cyano group. Examples of “cyanoalkyl” include NCCH₂ and NCCH₂CH₂ (alternatively identified as CH₂CH₂CN). The term “nitroalkyl” represents a nitro group bonded through an alkyl moiety. Examples of “nitroalkyl” include O₂NCH₂ and O₂NCH₂CH₂ (alternatively identified as CH₂CH₂NO₂). The terms “alkylamino” and “dialkylamino” refer to mono- and di-alkyl substitution on an amine moiety, respectively. Examples of “alkylamino” include CH₃NH—, (CH₃)₂CHNH— and CH₃CH₂CH₂NH—. Examples of “dialkylamino” include (CH₃)₂N—, (CH₃)₂N— and (CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂N—. “Alkylthio” includes branched or straight-chain alkylthio moieties such as methylthio, ethylthio, and the different propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio and hexylthio isomers. “Alkylsulfinyl” includes both enantiomers of an alkylsulfinyl group. Examples of “alkylsulfinyl” include CH₃S(O)—, CH₃CH₂S(O)—, CH₃CH₂CH₂S(O)—, (CH₃)₂CHS(O)— and the different butylsulfinyl, pentylsulfinyl and hexylsulfinyl isomers. “Alkylsulfonyl” indicates a sulfonyl moiety substituted with a straight-chain or branched alkyl group. Examples of “alkylsulfonyl” include CH₃S(O)₂—, CH₃CH₂S(O)₂—, CH₃CH₂CH₂S(O)₂—, (CH₃)₂CHS(O)₂—, and the different butylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl and hexylsulfonyl isomers. “Alkylthioalkyl” denotes alkylthio substitution on alkyl. Examples of “alkylthioalkyl” include CH₃SCH₂—, CH₃SCH₂CH₂—, CH₃CH₂SCH₂—, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂SCH₂— and CH₃CH₂SCH₂CH₂—.

“Cycloalkyl” includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The term “cycloalkylalkyl” denotes cycloalkyl substitution on an alkyl moiety. Examples of “cycloalkylalkyl” include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, and other cycloalkyl moieties bonded to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups. The term “alkylcycloalkyl” denotes alkyl substitution on a cycloalkyl moiety and includes, for example, ethylcyclopropyl, i-propylcyclobutyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl and 4-methylcyclohexyl.

The term “halogen”, either alone or in compound words such as “haloalkyl”, or when used in descriptions such as “alkyl substituted with halogen” includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Further, when used in compound words such as “haloalkyl”, or when used in descriptions such as “alkyl substituted with halogen” said alkyl may be partially or fully substituted with halogen atoms which may be the same or different. Examples of “haloalkyl” or “alkyl substituted with halogen” include F₃C, ClCH₂, CF₃CH₂ and CF₃CCl₂. The terms “haloalkoxy”, “haloalkylthio”, “haloalkenyl”, “haloalkynyl”, “haloalkoxyalky”, and the like, are is defined analogously to the term “haloalkyl”. Examples of “haloalkoxy” include CF₃O—, CCl₃CH₂O—, HCF₂CH₂CH₂O— and CF₃CH₂O—. Examples of “haloalkylthio” include CCl₃S—, CF₃S—, CCl₃CH₂S— and ClCH₂CH₂CH₂S—. Examples of “haloalkenyl” include (Cl)₂C═CHCH₂— and CF₃CH₂CH═CHCH₂—. Examples of “haloalkynyl” include HC≡CCHCl—, CF₃C≡C—, CCl₃C≡C— and FCH₂C≡CCH₂—. Examples of “haloalkoxyalkyl” include CF₃OCH₂CH₂—, CCl₃CH₂OCH₂—, HCF₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂— and CF₃CH₂OCH₂—.

“Alkylcarbonyl” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkyl moiety bonded to a C(═O) moiety. Examples of “alkylcarbonyl” include CH₃C(═O)—, CH₃CH₂CH₂C(═O)— and (CH₃)₂CHC(═O)—. “Alkoxycarbonyl” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkoxy moieties bonded to a C(═O) moiety. Examples of “alkoxycarbonyl” include CH₃OC(═O)—, CH₃CH₂OC(═O)—, CH₃CH₂CH₂OC(═O)—, (CH₃)₂CHOC(═O)— and the different butoxy- or pentoxycarbonyl isomers. “Alkylcarbonylalkyl” denotes a straight-chain or branched chain alkyl group bonded to the carbon atom of to a carbonylalkyl moiety. “Alkoxycarbonylalkyl” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl moieties bonded to linear or branched a alkylene moiety. Examples of “alkoxycarbonylalkyl” include CH₃OC(═O)CH₂CH₂—, CH₃CH₂OC(═O)CH₂—, CH₃CH₂CH₂OC(═O)CH₂CH(CH₃)—, (CH₃)₂CHOC(═O)CH₂— and the different butoxy- or pentoxycarbonylalkyl isomers. “Alkylcarbonyloxy” denotes a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group bonded to the carbon atom of to a carbonyloxy moiety. Examples of “alkylcarbonyloxy” include (CH₃)C(═O)O— and (CH₃CH₂)C(═O)O—. The term alkanediyl or alkenediyl refers to a linear or branched alkane or alkene linking chain respectively. Examples of alkanediyl include —CH₂—, —CH₂CH(CH₃)— or —CH₂CH₂CH₂—. Examples of alkenediyl include —CH═CH—, —CH₂C═CH— or —CH═C(CH₃)—. The term “adjacent” in the context of locating a substituent means “next to” or “immediately next to”.

The total number of carbon atoms in a substituent group is indicated by the “C_(i)-C_(j)” prefix where i and j are numbers from 1 to 7. For example, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl designates methylsulfonyl through butylsulfonyl; C₂ alkoxyalkyl designates CH₃OCH₂—; C₃ alkoxyalkyl designates, for example, CH₃CH(OCH₃)—, CH₃OCH₂CH₂— or CH₃CH₂OCH₂—; and C₄ alkoxyalkyl designates the various isomers of an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group containing a total of four carbon atoms, examples including CH₃CH₂CH₂OCH₂— and CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂—.

When a compound is substituted with a substituent bearing a subscript that indicates the number of said substituents can exceed 1, said substituents (when they exceed 1) are independently selected from the group of defined substituents, (e.g., (R³)_(n), n is 0, 1, 2 or 3). When a group contains a substituent which can be hydrogen, for example R³ or R⁴, then when this substituent is taken as hydrogen, it is recognized that this is equivalent to said group being unsubstituted. When a variable group is shown to be optionally attached to a position, for example (R³)_(n) wherein n may be 0, then hydrogen may be at the position even if not recited in the variable group definition. When one or more positions on a group are said to be “not substituted” or “unsubstituted”, then hydrogen atoms are attached to take up any free valency.

Unless otherwise indicated, a “ring” as a component of Formula 1 (e.g., substituent [J]) is carbocyclic or heterocyclic. The term “ring member” refers to an atom or other moiety (e.g., C(═O), C(═S), S(O) or S(O)₂) forming the backbone of a ring. The terms “carbocyclic ring”, “carbocycle” or “carbocyclic ring system” denote a ring wherein the atoms forming the ring backbone are selected only from carbon. Unless otherwise indicated, a carbocyclic ring can be a saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated ring. When a fully unsaturated carbocyclic ring satisfies Hückel's rule, then said ring is also called an “aromatic ring”. “Saturated carbocyclic” refers to a ring having a backbone consisting of carbon atoms linked to one another by single bonds; unless otherwise specified, the remaining carbon valences are occupied by hydrogen atoms.

The terms “heterocyclic ring” or “heterocycle” denote a ring or ring system in which at least one atom forming the ring backbone is not carbon, e.g., nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Typically a heterocyclic ring contains no more than 4 nitrogens, no more than 2 oxygens and no more than 2 sulfurs. Unless otherwise indicated, a heterocyclic ring can be a saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated ring. When a fully unsaturated heterocyclic ring satisfies Hückel's rule, then said ring is also called a “heteroaromatic ring” or “aromatic heterocyclic ring”. Unless otherwise indicated, heterocyclic rings and ring systems can be attached through any available carbon or nitrogen by replacement of a hydrogen on said carbon or nitrogen. “Aromatic” indicates that each of the ring atoms is essentially in the same plane and has a p-orbital perpendicular to the ring plane, and that (4n+2) π electrons, where n is a positive integer, are associated with the ring to comply with Hückel's rule.

The term “optionally substituted” in connection with the heterocyclic rings refers to groups which are unsubstituted or have at least one non-hydrogen substituent that does not extinguish the biological activity possessed by the unsubstituted analog. As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated. The term “optionally substituted” is used interchangeably with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted” or with the term “(un)substituted.” Unless otherwise indicated, an optionally substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and each substitution is independent of the other.

As noted above, G, R¹⁰ or R¹¹ can be (among others) phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a group of substituents as defined in the Summary of the Invention. An example of phenyl optionally substituted with one to five substituents is the ring illustrated as U-1 in Exhibit 1, wherein R^(v) is as defined in the Summary of the Invention for G and r is an integer from 0 to 5. As noted above, G, R¹⁰ or R¹¹ can be (among others) 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, which may be saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a group of substituents as defined in the Summary of the Invention. Examples of a 5- or 6-membered unsaturated aromatic heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with from one or more substituents include the rings U-2 through U-61 illustrated in Exhibit 1 wherein R^(v) is any substituent as defined in the Summary of the Invention for G, R¹⁰ or R¹¹ and r is an integer from 0 to 4, limited by the number of available positions on each U group. As U-29, U-30, U-36, U-37, U-38, U-39, U-40, U-41, U-42 and U-43 have only one available position, for these U groups r is limited to the integers 0 or 1, and r being 0 means that the U group is unsubstituted and a hydrogen is present at the position indicated by (R^(v))_(r).

Note that when G, R¹⁰ or R¹¹ is a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group of substituents as defined in the Summary of the Invention for G, R¹⁰ or R¹¹, one or two carbon ring members of the heterocycle can optionally be in the oxidized form of a carbonyl moiety.

Examples of a 5- or 6-membered saturated or non-aromatic unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing ring members selected from up to two O atoms and up to two S atoms, and optionally substituted on carbon atom ring members with up to five halogen atoms includes the rings G-1 through G-35 as illustrated in Exhibit 2. Note that when the attachment point on the G group is illustrated as floating, the G group can be attached to the remainder of Formula 1 through any available carbon or nitrogen of the G group by replacement of a hydrogen atom. The optional substituents corresponding to R^(v) can be attached to any available carbon or nitrogen by replacing a hydrogen atom. For these G rings, r is typically an integer from 0 to 4, limited by the number of available positions on each G group.

Note that when G, R¹⁰ or R¹¹ comprises a ring selected from G-28 through G-35, G² is selected from O, S or N. Note that when G² is N, the nitrogen atom can complete its valence by substitution with either H or the substituents corresponding to R^(v) as defined in the Summary of the Invention as halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl.

Although R^(v) groups are shown in the structures U-1 through U-61, it is noted that they do not need to be present since they are optional substituents. Note that when R^(v) is H when attached to an atom, this is the same as if said atom is unsubstituted. The nitrogen atoms that require substitution to fill their valence are substituted with H or R^(v). Note that when the attachment point between (R^(v))_(r) and the U group is illustrated as floating, (R^(v))_(r) can be attached to any available carbon atom or nitrogen atom of the U group. Note that when the attachment point on the U group is illustrated as floating, the U group can be attached to the remainder of Formula 1 through any available carbon or nitrogen of the U group by replacement of a hydrogen atom. Note that some U groups can only be substituted with less than 4 R^(v) groups (e.g., U-2 through U-5, U-7 through U-48, and U-52 through U-61).

A wide variety of synthetic methods are known in the art to enable preparation of aromatic and nonaromatic heterocyclic rings and ring systems; for extensive reviews see the eight volume set of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, A. R. Katritzky and C. W. Rees editors-in-chief, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1984 and the twelve volume set of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II, A. R. Katritzky, C. W. Rees and E. F. V. Scriven editors-in-chief, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1996.

Compounds of this invention can exist as one or more stereoisomers. The various stereoisomers include enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers and geometric isomers. Stereoisomers are isomers of identical constitution but differing in the arrangement of their atoms in space and include enantiomers, diastereomers, cis-trans isomers (also known as geometric isomers) and atropisomers. Atropisomers result from restricted rotation about single bonds where the rotational barrier is high enough to permit isolation of the isomeric species. One skilled in the art will appreciate that one stereoisomer may be more active and/or may exhibit beneficial effects when enriched relative to the other stereoisomer(s) or when separated from the other stereoisomer(s). Additionally, the skilled artisan knows how to separate, enrich, and/or to selectively prepare said stereoisomers. The compounds of the invention may be present as a mixture of stereoisomers, individual stereoisomers or as an optically active form.

For example, when R⁵ or R⁶ are dissimilar, then Formula 1 possesses a chiral center at the carbon atom to which R¹ is bonded. The two enantiomers are depicted as Formula 1′ and Formula 1″ with the chiral center identified with an asterisk (*). For a comprehensive discussion of all aspects of stereoisomerism, see Ernest L. Eliel and Samuel H. Wilen, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, 1994.

Note that when W is —C(R⁷)(R⁸)— and R⁷ and R⁸ are different, then the carbon atom to which they are both bonded will also possess a chiral center. In combination with R⁵ or R⁶ being different these two chiral centers are referred to as “diasteromers”. Molecular depictions drawn herein follow standard conventions for depicting stereochemistry. To indicate stereoconfiguration, bonds rising from the plane of the drawing and towards the viewer are denoted by solid wedges wherein the broad end of the wedge is attached to the atom rising from the plane of the drawing towards the viewer. Bonds going below the plane of the drawing and away from the viewer are denoted by dashed wedges wherein the broad end of the wedge is attached to the atom further away from the viewer. Constant width lines indicate bonds with a direction opposite or neutral relative to bonds shown with solid or dashed wedges; constant width lines also depict bonds in molecules or parts of molecules in which no particular stereoconfiguration is intended to be specified.

This invention comprises racemic mixtures, for example, equal amounts of the enantiomers of Formulae 1′ and 1″, or when R⁷ and R⁸ are dissimilar. In addition, this invention includes compounds that are enriched compared to the racemic mixture in an enantiomer of Formula 1. Also included are the essentially pure enantiomers of compounds of Formula 1, for example, Formula 1′ and Formula 1″.

When enantiomerically enriched, one enantiomer is present in greater amounts than the other, and the extent of enrichment can be defined by an expression of enantiomeric excess (“ee”), which is defined as (2x−1)·100%, where x is the mole fraction of the dominant enantiomer in the mixture (e.g., an ee of 20% corresponds to a 60:40 ratio of enantiomers).

Preferably the compositions of this invention have at least a 50% enantiomeric excess; more preferably at least a 75% enantiomeric excess; still more preferably at least a 90% enantiomeric excess; and the most preferably at least a 94% enantiomeric excess of the more active isomer. Of particular note are enantiomerically pure embodiments of the more active isomer.

Compounds of Formula 1 can comprise additional chiral centers. For example, substituents and other molecular constituents such as R¹ and R² may themselves contain chiral centers. This invention comprises racemic mixtures as well as enriched and essentially pure stereoconfigurations at these additional chiral centers.

Compounds of Formula 1 typically exist in more than one form, and Formula 1 thus include all crystalline and non-crystalline forms of the compounds they represent. Non-crystalline forms include embodiments which are solids such as waxes and gums as well as embodiments which are liquids such as solutions and melts. Crystalline forms include embodiments which represent essentially a single crystal type and embodiments which represent a mixture of polymorphs (i.e. different crystalline types). The term “polymorph” refers to a particular crystalline form of a chemical compound that can crystallize in different crystalline forms, these forms having different arrangements and/or conformations of the molecules in the crystal lattice. Although polymorphs can have the same chemical composition, they can also differ in composition due the presence or absence of co-crystallized water or other molecules, which can be weakly or strongly bound in the lattice. Polymorphs can differ in such chemical, physical and biological properties as crystal shape, density, hardness, color, chemical stability, melting point, hygroscopicity, suspensibility, dissolution rate and biological availability. One skilled in the art will appreciate that a polymorph of a compound of Formula 1 can exhibit beneficial effects (e.g., suitability for preparation of useful formulations, improved biological performance) relative to another polymorph or a mixture of polymorphs of the same compound of Formula 1. Preparation and isolation of a particular polymorph of a compound of Formula 1 can be achieved by methods known to those skilled in the art including, for example, crystallization using selected solvents and temperatures. For a comprehensive discussion of polymorphism see R. Hilfiker, Ed., Polymorphism in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that not all nitrogen-containing heterocycles can form N-oxides since the nitrogen requires an available lone pair for oxidation to the oxide; one skilled in the art will recognize those nitrogen-containing heterocycles which can form N-oxides. One skilled in the art will also recognize that tertiary amines can form N-oxides. Synthetic methods for the preparation of N-oxides of heterocycles and tertiary amines are very well known by one skilled in the art including the oxidation of heterocycles and tertiary amines with peroxy acids such as peracetic and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA), hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydroperoxides such as t-butyl hydroperoxide, sodium perborate, and dioxiranes such as dimethyldioxirane. These methods for the preparation of N-oxides have been extensively described and reviewed in the literature, see for example: T. L. Gilchrist in Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 7, pp 748-750, S. V. Ley, Ed., Pergamon Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 3, pp 18-20, A. J. Boulton and A. McKillop, Eds., Pergamon Press; M. R. Grimmett and B. R. T. Keene in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 43, pp 149-161, A. R. Katritzky, Ed., Academic Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 9, pp 285-291, A. R. Katritzky and A. J. Boulton, Eds., Academic Press; and G. W. H. Cheeseman and E. S. G. Werstiuk in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 22, pp 390-392, A. R. Katritzky and A. J. Boulton, Eds., Academic Press.

One skilled in the art recognizes that because in the environment and under physiological conditions salts of chemical compounds are in equilibrium with their corresponding nonsalt forms, salts share the biological utility of the nonsalt forms. Thus a wide variety of salts of a compound of Formula 1 are useful for control of undesired vegetation (i.e. are agriculturally suitable). The salts of a compound of Formula 1 include acid-addition salts with inorganic or organic acids such as hydrobromic, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, acetic, butyric, fumaric, lactic, maleic, malonic, oxalic, propionic, salicylic, tartaric, 4-toluenesulfonic or valeric acids. When a compound of Formula 1 contains an acidic moiety such as a carboxylic acid or phenol, salts also include those formed with organic or inorganic bases such as pyridine, triethylamine or ammonia, or amides, hydrides, hydroxides or carbonates of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium or barium. Accordingly, the present invention comprises compounds selected from Formula 1, N-oxides and agriculturally suitable salts thereof.

Embodiments of the present invention as described in the Summary of the Invention include where Formula 1 including N-oxides, salts, compositions and use thereof are described as follows:

-   -   Embodiment 1. A compound of Formula 1, including all         stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, agricultural         compositions containing them and their use as herbicides as         described in the Summary of the Invention.     -   Embodiment 2. A compound of Embodiment 1 wherein W is         —C(R⁷)(R⁸)—.     -   Embodiment 3. A compound of Embodiment 1 wherein W is —O—.     -   Embodiment 4. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 3         wherein wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl,         C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇         haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy.     -   Embodiment 5. A compound of Embodiment 4 wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇         alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl,         C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl,         C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy.     -   Embodiment 6. A compound of Embodiment 5 wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇         alkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇         cycloalkylalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.     -   Embodiment 7. A compound of Embodiment 6 wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇         alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl or C₂-C₇         alkoxyalkyl.     -   Embodiment 8. A compound of Embodiment 7 wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇         alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl.     -   Embodiment 9. A compound of Embodiment 8 wherein R¹ is H or         C₁-C₇ alkyl.     -   Embodiment 10. A compound of Embodiment 9 wherein R¹ is H.     -   Embodiment 11. A compound of Embodiment 9 wherein R¹ is C₁-C₄         alkyl.     -   Embodiment 12. A compound of Embodiment 11 wherein R¹ is C₂-C₄         alkyl.     -   Embodiment 13. A compound of Embodiment 11 wherein R¹ is methyl         or ethyl.     -   Embodiment 14. A compound of Embodiment 13 wherein R¹ is methyl.     -   Embodiment 15. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 9         wherein R¹ is other than methyl.     -   Embodiment 16. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 10         wherein R¹ is other than H.     -   Embodiment 17. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 16         wherein R² is H, halogen, cyano, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈         alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₁-C₄         alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl,         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl,         C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, C₁-C₅         alkylthio or C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl.     -   Embodiment 18. A compound of Embodiment 17 wherein R² is H,         halogen, cyano, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇         haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ alkylthio.     -   Embodiment 19. A compound of Embodiment 18 wherein R² is H,         halogen, cyano, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇         haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ alkylthio.     -   Embodiment 20. A compound of Embodiment 19 wherein R² is H,         halogen, cyano, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy.     -   Embodiment 21. A compound of Embodiment 20 wherein R² is H, Cl,         Br, I, cyano, methyl, CF₃ or methoxy.     -   Embodiment 22. A compound of Embodiment 21 wherein R² is H, Cl,         methyl or methoxy.     -   Embodiment 23. A compound of Embodiment 22 wherein R² is Cl or         methyl.     -   Embodiment 24. A compound of Embodiment 22 wherein R² is Cl.     -   Embodiment 25. A compound of Embodiment 22 wherein R² is methyl.     -   Embodiment 26. A compound of Embodiment 22 wherein R² is         methoxy.     -   Embodiment 27. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 22         wherein R² is other than H.     -   Embodiment 28. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 27         wherein each R³ is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₃-C₅         cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy.     -   Embodiment 29. A compound of Embodiment 28 wherein each R³ is         independently H, halogen, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₁-C₅         alkoxy or C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy.     -   Embodiment 30. A compound of Embodiment 29 wherein each R³ is         independently H, halogen, methyl, ethyl, CF₃ or —OCHF₂.     -   Embodiment 31. A compound of Embodiment 30 wherein each R³ is         independently H, F, Cl, Br or methyl.     -   Embodiment 32. A compound of Embodiment 31 wherein each R³ is H.     -   Embodiment 33. A compound of Embodiment 31 wherein each R³ is         independently H, Cl, Br or methyl.     -   Embodiment 34. A compound of Embodiment 33 wherein each R³ is         independently H or methyl.     -   Embodiment 35. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 34         wherein n is 0 to 2.     -   Embodiment 36. A compound of Embodiment 35 wherein n is 0 or 1.     -   Embodiment 37. A compound of Embodiment 36 wherein n is 1.     -   Embodiment 38. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 37         wherein R³ is located at the 7-position.     -   Embodiment 39. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 38         wherein R⁴ is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃         haloalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy.     -   Embodiment 40. A compound of Embodiment 39 wherein R⁴ is H,         halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl, cyclopropyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 41. A compound of Embodiment 40 wherein R⁴ is H,         halogen, methyl, ethyl or CF₃.     -   Embodiment 42. A compound of Embodiment 41 wherein R⁴ is H, F,         Cl, Br or methyl.     -   Embodiment 43. A compound of Embodiment 42 wherein R⁴ is methyl.     -   Embodiment 44. A compound of Embodiment 42 wherein R⁴ is H.     -   Embodiment 45. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 44         wherein R⁵ is H or methyl.     -   Embodiment 46. A compound of Embodiment 45 wherein R⁵ is H.     -   Embodiment 47. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 46         wherein R⁶ is H or methyl.     -   Embodiment 48. A compound of Embodiment 47 wherein R⁶ is H.     -   Embodiment 49. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 48         wherein R⁷ is H or methyl.     -   Embodiment 50. A compound of Embodiment 49 wherein R⁷ is H.     -   Embodiment 51. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 50         wherein R⁸ is H or methyl.     -   Embodiment 52. A compound of Embodiment 51 wherein R⁸ is H.     -   Embodiment 53. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 52         wherein L is a direct bond or C₁-C₂ alkanediyl.     -   Embodiment 54. A compound of Embodiment 53 wherein L is a direct         bond.     -   Embodiment 55. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 52         wherein L is C₁-C₂ alkanediyl or C₂-C₃ alkenediyl.     -   Embodiment 56. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 though 53         or 55 wherein L is C₁-C₂ alkanediyl.     -   Embodiment 57. A compound of Embodiment 55 wherein L is —CH₂— or         —CH═CH—.     -   Embodiment 58. A compound of Embodiment 57 wherein L is —CH₂—.     -   Embodiment 59. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 58         wherein G is H, C(═O)R⁹, C(═S)R⁹, CO₂R¹⁰, C(═O)SR¹⁰,         C(═O)N(R¹¹)(R¹²) or P(═O)(R¹³)(R¹⁴) or C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₂-C₄         alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ haloalkenyl,         C₂-C₄ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl or C₄-C₇         cycloalkylalkyl.     -   Embodiment 60. A compound of Embodiment 59 wherein G is H,         C(═O)R⁹, CO₂R¹⁰, C(═O)N(R¹¹)(R¹²) or P(═O)(R¹³)(R¹⁴); or C₁-C₄         alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₄         alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl or C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl.     -   Embodiment 61. A compound of Embodiment 60 wherein G is H,         C(═O)R⁹, CO₂R¹⁰ or P(═O)(R¹³)(R¹⁴); or C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄         haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl or C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 62. A compound of Embodiment 61 wherein G is H,         C(═O)R⁹ or CO₂R¹⁰; or C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl or C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 63. A compound of Embodiment 62 wherein G is H.     -   Embodiment 64. A compound of Embodiment 62 wherein G is C(═O)R⁹.     -   Embodiment 65. A compound of Embodiment 62 wherein G is CO₂R¹⁰.     -   Embodiment 66. A compound of Embodiment 62 wherein G is C₂-C₄         alkoxyalkyl.     -   Embodiment 67. A compound of Embodiment 62 wherein G is C₃-C₆         cycloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 68. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 62         or 64 wherein R⁹ and R¹¹ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇         alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₁-C₇ haloalkyl; or         phenyl, benzyl, or a 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each phenyl,         benzyl or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halogen,         C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 69. A compound of Embodiment 68 wherein R⁹ and R¹¹         are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₃-C₇ alkenyl; or phenyl,         benzyl, each phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted by halogen,         C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 70. A compound of Embodiment 69 wherein R⁹ is H or         C₁-C₇ alkyl; or benzyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄         alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 71. A compound of Embodiment 70 wherein R⁹ is C₁-C₇         alkyl; or benzyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl         or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 72. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 62         or 65 wherein R¹⁰ is C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkyl or C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl; or phenyl,         benzyl or a 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each phenyl, benzyl or         heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl         or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 73. A compound of Embodiment 72 wherein R¹⁰ is C₁-C₇         alkyl or C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl; or phenyl or benzyl, each phenyl or         benzyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄         haloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 74. A compound of Embodiment 73 wherein R¹⁰ is C₁-C₇         alkyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl         or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 75. A compound of Embodiment 74 wherein R¹⁰ is CH₃,         CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, Ph, Ph(4-Cl), Ph(3-CF₃) or Ph(4-CF₃).     -   Embodiment 76. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 75         wherein R¹² is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₂-C₇ alkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkynyl or         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 77. A compound of Embodiment 76 wherein R¹² is H,         C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl.     -   Embodiment 78. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 77         wherein R¹³ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ alkoxy.     -   Embodiment 79. A compound of Embodiment 78 wherein R¹³ is C₁-C₂         alkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.     -   Embodiment 80. A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 79         wherein R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ alkoxy.     -   Embodiment 81. A compound of Embodiment 80 wherein R¹⁴ is C₁-C₂         alkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.

Embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments 1-81 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, can be combined in any manner, and the descriptions of variables in the embodiments pertain not only to the compounds of Formula 1 but also to the starting compounds and intermediate compounds useful for preparing the compounds of Formula 1. In addition, embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments 1-81 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, and any combination thereof, pertain to the compositions and methods of the present invention.

-   -   Embodiment A. A compound of Formula 1 wherein         -   R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈             alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇             cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇             haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy;         -   R² is H, halogen, cyano, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈             alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₁-C₄             alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇             alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl,             C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl,             C₁-C₇ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio or C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl;         -   each R³ is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₃-C₅             cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy or C₁-C₅             haloalkoxy;         -   n is 0 to 2;         -   R⁴ is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃             haloalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy;         -   L is a direct bond or C₁-C₂ alkanediyl;         -   G is H, C(═O)R⁹, C(═S)R⁹, CO₂R¹⁰, C(═O)SR¹⁰, CON(R¹¹)(R¹²)             or P(═O)(R¹³)(R¹⁴); or C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄             alkynyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₄             haloalkynyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl or C₄-C₇             cycloalkylalkyl;         -   R⁹ and R¹¹ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl,             C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₁-C₇ haloalkyl; or             phenyl, benzyl, or a 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each             phenyl, benzyl or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted             by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl;         -   R¹⁰ is C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₂-C₇             haloalkyl or C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl; or phenyl, benzyl or a             6-membered heterocyclic ring, each phenyl, benzyl or             heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄             alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl;         -   R¹² is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₂-C₇ alkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkynyl or C₃-C₇             cycloalkyl;         -   R¹³ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ alkoxy; and         -   R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ alkoxy.     -   Embodiment B. A compound of Embodiment A wherein         -   R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈             alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇             cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl or             C₁-C₇ alkoxy;         -   R² is H, halogen, cyano, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₄-C₇             alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl,             C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl,             C₁-C₇ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ alkylthio;         -   each R³ is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅             haloalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy;         -   n is 0 or 1;         -   R⁴ is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl, cyclopropyl or C₁-C₂             haloalkyl;         -   L is a direct bond;         -   G is H, C(═O)R⁹, CO₂R¹⁰, CON(R¹¹)(R¹²) or P(═O)(R¹³)(R¹⁴);             or C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₂-C₄             haloalkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl or C₄-C₇             cycloalkylalkyl;         -   R⁹ and R¹¹ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₃-C₇             alkenyl; or phenyl, benzyl, each phenyl or benzyl optionally             substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl;         -   R¹⁰ is C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl; or phenyl or benzyl,             each phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted by halogen,             C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl;         -   R¹² is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl;         -   R¹³ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy; and         -   R¹⁴ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.     -   Embodiment C. A compound of Embodiment B wherein         -   R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇             cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl;         -   R² is H, halogen, cyano, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl,             C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy or C₁-C₅             alkylthio;         -   each R³ is independently H, halogen, methyl, ethyl, CF₃ or             —OCHF₂;         -   R⁴ is H, halogen, methyl, ethyl or CF₃;         -   G is H, C(═O)R⁹, CO₂R¹⁰ or P(═O)(R¹³)(R¹⁴); or C₁-C₄ alkyl,             C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl or C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl;         -   R⁹ is H or C₁-C₇ alkyl; or benzyl optionally substituted by             halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; and         -   R¹⁰ is C₁-C₇ alkyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by             halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl.     -   Embodiment D. A compound of Embodiment C wherein         -   R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇             cycloalkylalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl;         -   R² is H, halogen, cyano, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl or             C₁-C₇ alkoxy;         -   each R³ is independently H, F, Cl, Br or methyl;         -   R⁴ is H, F, Cl, Br or methyl;         -   R⁵ is H or methyl;         -   R⁶ is H or methyl;         -   R⁷ is H or methyl;         -   R⁸ is H or methyl;         -   G is H, C(═O)R⁹ or CO₂R¹⁰; or C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl or C₃-C₆             cycloalkyl;         -   R⁹ is C₁-C₇ alkyl; or benzyl optionally substituted by             halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; and         -   R¹⁰ is CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, Ph, Ph(4-Cl), Ph(3-CF₃) or             Ph(4-CF₃).     -   Embodiment E. A compound of Embodiment D wherein         -   W is —C(R⁷)(R⁸)—;         -   R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl;         -   R² is H, Cl, Br, I, cyano, methyl, CF₃ or methoxy;         -   n is 0;         -   R⁴ is methyl;         -   R⁵ is H;         -   R⁶ is H;         -   R⁷ is H;         -   R⁸ is H; and         -   G is H.     -   Embodiment F. A compound of Embodiment D wherein         -   W is —O—;         -   R¹ is H or C₁-C₇ alkyl;         -   R² is H, Cl, methyl or methoxy;         -   n is 0;         -   R⁴ is methyl;         -   R⁵ is H;         -   R⁶ is H; and         -   G is H.

Specific Embodiments of the Invention are the following compounds of the Summary of the Invention:

-   4-(3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3-(2H)-pyridazinone;     and -   5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl)-3-(2H)-pyridazinone.

This invention also relates to a method for controlling undesired vegetation comprising applying to the locus of the vegetation herbicidally effective amounts of the compounds of the invention (e.g., as a composition described herein). Of note as embodiments relating to methods of use are those involving the compounds of embodiments described above. Compounds of the invention are particularly useful for selective control of weeds in crops such as wheat, barley, maize, soybean, sunflower, cotton, oilseed rape and rice, and specialty crops such as sugarcane, citrus, fruit and nut crops.

Also noteworthy as embodiments are herbicidal compositions of the present invention comprising the compounds of embodiments described above.

This invention also includes a herbicidal mixture comprising (a) a compound selected from Formula 1, N-oxides, and salts thereof, and (b) at least one additional active ingredient selected from (b1) photosystem II inhibitors, (b2) acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors, (b3) acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, (b4) auxin mimics, (b5) 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors, (b6) photosystem I electron diverters, (b7) protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, (b8) glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors, (b9) very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) elongase inhibitors, (b10) auxin transport inhibitors, (b11) phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors, (b12) 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, (b13) homogentisate solenesyltransererase (HST) inhibitors, (b14) cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, (b15) other herbicides including mitotic disruptors, organic arsenicals, asulam, bromobutide, cinmethylin, cumyluron, dazomet, 2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone, difenzoquat, dymron, etobenzanid, flurenol, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, hydantocidin, metam, methyldymron, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid and pyributicarb, and (b16) herbicide safeners; and salts of compounds of (b1) through (b16).

“Photosystem II inhibitors” (b1) are chemical compounds that bind to the D-1 protein at the Q_(B)-binding niche and thus block electron transport from Q_(A) to Q_(B) in the chloroplast thylakoid membranes. The electrons blocked from passing through photosystem II are transferred through a series of reactions to form toxic compounds that disrupt cell membranes and cause chloroplast swelling, membrane leakage, and ultimately cellular destruction. The Q_(B)-binding niche has three different binding sites: binding site A binds the triazines such as atrazine, triazinones such as hexazinone, and uracils such as bromacil, binding site B binds the phenylureas such as diuron, and binding site C binds benzothiadiazoles such as bentazon, nitriles such as bromoxynil and phenyl-pyridazines such as pyridate. Examples of photosystem II inhibitors include ametryn, amicarbazone, atrazine, bentazon, bromacil, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, chlorbromuron, chloridazon, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, cumyluron, cyanazine, daimuron, desmedipham, desmetryn, dimefuron, dimethametryn, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron, hexazinone, ioxynil, isoproturon, isouron, lenacil, linuron, metamitron, methabenzthiazuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, metribuzin, monolinuron, neburon, pentanochlor, phenmedipham, prometon, prometryn, propanil, propazine, pyridafol, pyridate, siduron, simazine, simetryn, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn and trietazine.

“AHAS inhibitors” (b2) are chemical compounds that inhibit acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate synthase (ALS), and thus kill plants by inhibiting the production of the branched-chain aliphatic amino acids such as valine, leucine and isoleucine, which are required for protein synthesis and cell growth. Examples of AHAS inhibitors include amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, diclosulam, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, florasulam, flucarbazone-sodium, flumetsulam, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-sodium, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl (including sodium salt), iofensulfuron (2-iodo-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide), mesosulfuron-methyl, metazosulfuron (3-chloro-4-(5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-sulfonamide), metosulam, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, penoxsulam, primisulfuron-methyl, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyrisulfuron (2-chloro-N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-propylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-sulfonamide), prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrithiobac-sodium, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, thiencarbazone, thifensulfuron-methyl, triafamone (N-[2-[(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)carbonyl]-6-fluorophenyl]-1,1-difluoro-N-methylmethanesulfonamide), triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron (including sodium salt), triflusulfuron-methyl and tritosulfuron.

“ACCase inhibitors” (b3) are chemical compounds that inhibit the acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme, which is responsible for catalyzing an early step in lipid and fatty acid synthesis in plants. Lipids are essential components of cell membranes, and without them, new cells cannot be produced. The inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase and the subsequent lack of lipid production leads to losses in cell membrane integrity, especially in regions of active growth such as meristems. Eventually shoot and rhizome growth ceases, and shoot meristems and rhizome buds begin to die back. Examples of ACCase inhibitors include alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, clodinafop, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, pinoxaden, profoxydim, propaquizafop, quizalofop, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim and tralkoxydim, including resolved forms such as fenoxaprop-P, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop-P and quizalofop-P and ester forms such as clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl.

Auxin is a plant hormone that regulates growth in many plant tissues. “Auxin mimics” (b4) are chemical compounds mimicking the plant growth hormone auxin, thus causing uncontrolled and disorganized growth leading to plant death in susceptible species. Examples of auxin mimics include aminocyclopyrachlor (6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclopropyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) and its methyl and ethyl esters and its sodium and potassium salts, aminopyralid, benazolin-ethyl, chloramben, clacyfos, clomeprop, clopyralid, dicamba, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, fluroxypyr, halauxifen (4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), halauxifen-methyl (methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylate), MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, picloram, quinclorac, quinmerac, 2,3,6-TBA, triclopyr, and methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2-pyridinecarboxylate.

“EPSP synthase inhibitors” (b5) are chemical compounds that inhibit the enzyme, 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, which is involved in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids such as tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. EPSP inhibitor herbicides are readily absorbed through plant foliage and translocated in the phloem to the growing points. Glyphosate is a relatively nonselective postemergence herbicide that belongs to this group. Glyphosate includes esters and salts such as ammonium, isopropylammonium, potassium, sodium (including sesquisodium) and trimesium (alternatively named sulfosate).

“Photosystem I electron diverters” (b6) are chemical compounds that accept electrons from Photosystem I, and after several cycles, generate hydroxyl radicals. These radicals are extremely reactive and readily destroy unsaturated lipids, including membrane fatty acids and chlorophyll. This destroys cell membrane integrity, so that cells and organelles “leak”, leading to rapid leaf wilting and desiccation, and eventually to plant death. Examples of this second type of photosynthesis inhibitor include diquat and paraquat.

“PPO inhibitors” (b7) are chemical compounds that inhibit the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase, quickly resulting in formation of highly reactive compounds in plants that rupture cell membranes, causing cell fluids to leak out. Examples of PPO inhibitors include acifluorfen-sodium, azafenidin, benzfendizone, bifenox, butafenacil, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlomethoxyfen, cinidon-ethyl, cyclopyranil, fluazolate, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, halosafen, lactofen, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, pentoxazone, profluazol, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, thidiazimin, trifludimoxazin (dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-6-thioxo-3-[2,2,7-trifluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propyn-1-yl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione) and tiafenacil (methyl N-[2-[[2-chloro-5-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-4-fluorophenyl]thio]-1-oxopropyl]-β-alaninate).

“GS inhibitors” (b8) are chemical compounds that inhibit the activity of the glutamine synthetase enzyme, which plants use to convert ammonia into glutamine. Consequently, ammonia accumulates and glutamine levels decrease. Plant damage probably occurs due to the combined effects of ammonia toxicity and deficiency of amino acids required for other metabolic processes. The GS inhibitors include glufosinate and its esters and salts such as glufosinate-ammonium and other phosphinothricin derivatives, glufosinate-P ((2S)-2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid) and bilanaphos.

“VLCFA elongase inhibitors” (b9) are herbicides having a wide variety of chemical structures, which inhibit the elongase. Elongase is one of the enzymes located in or near chloroplasts which are involved in biosynthesis of VLCFAs. In plants, very-long-chain fatty acids are the main constituents of hydrophobic polymers that prevent desiccation at the leaf surface and provide stability to pollen grains. Such herbicides include acetochlor, alachlor, anilofos, butachlor, cafenstrole, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, diphenamid, fenoxasulfone (3-[[(2,5-dichloro-4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethylisoxazole), fentrazamide, flufenacet, indanofan, mefenacet, metazachlor, metolachlor, naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-M ((2R)—N,N-diethyl-2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)propanamide), pethoxamid, piperophos, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor, pyroxasulfone, and thenylchlor, including resolved forms such as S-metolachlor and chloroacetamides and oxyacetamides.

“Auxin transport inhibitors” (b10) are chemical substances that inhibit auxin transport in plants, such as by binding with an auxin-carrier protein. Examples of auxin transport inhibitors include diflufenzopyr, naptalam (also known as N-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid and 2-[(1-naphthalenylamino)carbonyl]benzoic acid).

“PDS inhibitors” (b11) are chemical compounds that inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis pathway at the phytoene desaturase step. Examples of PDS inhibitors include beflubutamid, S-beflubutamid, diflufenican, fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone norflurzon and picolinafen.

“HPPD inhibitors” (b12) are chemical substances that inhibit the biosynthesis of synthesis of 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase. Examples of HPPD inhibitors include benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone (4-hydroxy-3-[[2-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]carbonyl]bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-one), fenquinotrione (2-[[8-chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2-quinoxalinyl]carbonyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione), isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tolpyralate (1-[[1-ethyl-4-[3-(2-methoxyethoxy)-2-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]oxy]ethyl methyl carbonate), topramezone, 5-chloro-3-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2(1H)-quinoxalinone, 4-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione, 5-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-methoxypropyl)-4(3H)-pyrimidinone, 2-methyl-N-(4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-(methylsulfinyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide and 2-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide.

“HST inhibitors” (b13) disrupt a plant's ability to convert homogentisate to 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone, thereby disrupting carotenoid biosynthesis. Examples of HST inhibitors include haloxydine, pyriclor, 3-(2-chloro-3,6-difluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,5-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one, 7-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-5-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-8-hydroxypyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-6(5H)-one and 4-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone.

HST inhibitors also include compounds of Formulae A and B.

-   wherein R^(d1) is H, Cl or CF₃; R^(d2) is H, Cl or Br; R^(d3) is H     or Cl; R^(d4) is H, Cl or CF₃; R^(d5) is CH₃, CH₂CH₃ or CH₂CHF₂; and     R^(d6) is OH, or —OC(═O)-i-Pr; and R^(e1) is H, F, Cl, CH₃ or     CH₂CH₃; R^(e2) is H or CF₃; R^(e3) is H, CH₃ or CH₂CH₃; R^(e4) is H,     F or Br; R^(e5) is Cl, CH₃, CF₃, OCF₃ or CH₂CH₃; R^(e6) is H, CH₃,     CH₂CHF₂ or C≡CH; R^(e7) is     -   OH, —OC(═O)Et, —OC(═O)-i-Pr or —OC(═O)-t-Bu; and A^(e8) is N or         CH.

“Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors” (b14) inhibit the biosynthesis of cellulose in certain plants. They are most effective when applied preemergence or early postemergence on young or rapidly growing plants. Examples of cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors include chlorthiamid, dichlobenil, flupoxam, indaziflam (N²-[(1R,2S)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-yl]-6-(1-fluoroethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), isoxaben, [3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]phenyl-methanone and triaziflam.

“Other herbicides” (b15) include herbicides that act through a variety of different modes of action such as mitotic disruptors (e.g., flamprop-M-methyl and flamprop-M-isopropyl), organic arsenicals (e.g., DSMA, and MSMA), 7,8-dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors, chloroplast isoprenoid synthesis inhibitors and cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitors. Other herbicides include those herbicides having unknown modes of action or do not fall into a specific category listed in (b1) through (b14) or act through a combination of modes of action listed above. Examples of other herbicides include aclonifen, asulam, amitrole, bromobutide, cinmethylin, clomazone, cumyluron, daimuron, 2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone, difenzoquat, etobenzanid, fluometuron, flurenol, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, dazomet, dymron, ipfencarbazone (1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,5-dihydro-N-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-carboxamide), metam, methyldymron, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid, pyributicarb and 5-[[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methoxy]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)isoxazole.

“Other herbicides” (b15) also include a compound of Formula (b15A)

-   -   wherein     -   R¹² is H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl or C₄-C₈ cycloalkyl;     -   R¹³ is H, C₁-C₆ alkyl or C₁-C₆ alkoxy;     -   Q¹ is an optionally substituted ring system selected from the         group consisting of phenyl, thienyl, pyridinyl, benzodioxolyl,         naphthyl, naphthalenyl, benzofuranyl, furanyl, benzothiophenyl         and pyrazolyl, wherein when substituted said ring system is         substituted by 1 to 3 R¹⁴;     -   Q² is an optionally substituted ring system selected from the         group consisting of phenyl, pyridinyl, benzodioxolyl,         pyridinonyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, and oxazolyl, wherein when         substituted said ring system is substituted by 1 to 3 R¹⁵;     -   each R¹⁴ is independently halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl,         C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, C₃-C₈ cyaloalkyl, cyano, C₁-C₆         alkylthio, C₁-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆ alkylsulfonyl, SF₅, NHR¹⁷;         or phenyl optionally substituted by 1 to 3 R¹⁶; or pyrazolyl         optionally substituted by 1 to 3 R¹⁶;     -   each R¹⁵ is independently halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl,         C₁-C₆ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkoxy, cyano, nitro, C₁-C₆ alkylthio,         C₁-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆ alkylsulfonyl;     -   each R¹⁶ is independently halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl or C₁-C₆         haloalkyl;     -   R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl.         In one Embodiment wherein “other herbicides” (b15) also include         a compound of Formula (b15A), it is preferred that R¹² is H or         C₁-C₆ alkyl; more preferably R¹² is H or methyl. Preferrably R¹³         is H. Preferably Q¹ is either a phenyl ring or a pyridinyl ring,         each ring substituted by 1 to 3 R¹⁴; more preferably Q¹ is a         phenyl ring substituted by 1 to 2 R¹⁴. Preferably Q² is a phenyl         ring substituted by 1 to 3 R¹⁵; more preferably Q² is a phenyl         ring substituted by 1 to 2 R¹⁵. Preferably each R¹⁴ is         independently halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃         alkoxy or C₁-C₃ haloalkoxy; more preferably each R¹⁴ is         independently chloro, fluoro, bromo, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl, C₁-C₂         haloalkoxy or C₁-C₂ alkoxy. Preferrably each R¹⁵ is         independently halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkoxy; more         preferably each R¹⁵ is independently chloro, fluoro, bromo,         C₁-C₂ haloalkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy or C₁-C₂ alkoxy. Specifically         preferred as “other herbicides” (b15) include any one of the         following (b15A-1) through (b15A-15) wherein the stereochemistry         at the 3- and 4-positions of the pyrrolidinone ring are         preferably in the trans configuration relative to each other:

“Other herbicides” (b15) also include a compound of Formula (b15B)

-   -   wherein     -   R¹⁸ is H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl or C₄-C₈ cycloalkyl;     -   each R¹⁹ is independently halogen, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl or C₁-C₆         haloalkoxy;     -   p is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3;     -   each R²⁰ is independently halogen, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl or C₁-C₆         haloalkoxy; and     -   q is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3.         In one Embodiment wherein “other herbicides” (b15) also include         a compound of Formula (b15B), it is preferred that R¹⁸ is H,         methyl, ethyl or propyl; more preferably R¹⁸ is H or methyl;         most preferably R¹⁸ is H. Preferrably each R¹⁹ is independently         chloro, fluoro, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkoxy; more         preferably each R¹⁹ is independently chloro, fluoro, C₁         fluoroalkyl (i.e. fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl or         trifluoromethyl) or C₁ fluoroalkoxy (i.e. trifluoromethoxy,         difluoromethoxy or fluoromethoxy). Preferably each R²⁰ is         independently chloro, fluoro, C₁ haloalkyl or C₁ haloalkoxy;         more preferably each R²⁰ is independently chloro, fluoro, C₁         fluoroalkyl (i.e. fluoromethyl, difluorormethyl or         trifluromethyl) or C₁ fluoroalkoxy (i.e. trifluoromethoxy,         difluoromethoxy or fluoromethoxy). Specifically preferred as         “other herbicides” (b15) include any one of the following         (b15B-1) through (b15B-19):

-   (b15B-1)     2-oxo-N-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxamide,

-   (b15B-2)     N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-piperidinecarboxamide,

-   (b15B-3)     2-oxo-N-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)]-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-piperidinecarboxamide,

-   (b15B-4)     N-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-piperidinecarboxamide,

-   (b15B-5)     N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-piperidinecarboxamide,

-   (b15B-6)     (3R,4S)—N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-piperidinecarboxamide,

-   (b15B-7)     (3R,4S)—N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-piperidinecarboxamide,

-   (b15B-8)     (3R,4S)—N-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-piperidinecarboxamide,

-   (b15B-9)     (3R,4S)-2-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-[2,3,4-trifluorophenyl]-3-piperidinecarboxamide,

-   (b15B-14)     (3R,4S)-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-3-piperidinecarboxamide, -   (b15B-15)     4-[3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)-2-oxo-piperidinecarboxamide, -   (b15B-16)     4-[3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-piperidinecarboxamide, -   (b15B-17)     4-[3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-3-piperidinecarboxamide, -   (b15B-18)     (3S,4S)—N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-piperidinecarboxamide     and (b15B-19)     (3R,4S)-2-oxo-N-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxamide.

“Other herbicides” (b15) also include a compound of Formula (b15C),

wherein R¹ is Cl, Br or CN; and R² is C(═O)CH₂CH₂CF₃, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CF₃ or 3-CHF₂-isoxazol-5-yl.

“Other herbicides” (b15) also include a compound of Formula (b15D)

wherein R¹ is CH₃, R² is Me, R⁴ is OCHF₂, G is H, and n is 0; R¹ is CH₃, R² is Me, R³ is 5-F, R⁴ is Cl, G is H, and n is 1; R¹ is CH₃, R² is Cl, R⁴ is Me, G is H, and n is 0; R¹ is CH₃, R² is Me, R⁴ is Cl, G is H, and n is 0; R¹ is CH₃, R² is Me, R³ is 5-Me, R⁴ is OCHF₂, G is H, and n is 1; R¹ is CH₃, R² is Me, R³ is 5-Br, R⁴ is OCHF₂, G is H, and n is 1; R¹ is CH₃, R² is Me, R³ is 5-Cl, R⁴ is Cl, G is H, and n is 1; and R¹ is CH₃, R² is CH₃, R⁴ is OCHF₂, G is C(O)Me, and n is 0.

“Other herbicides” (b15) also include a compound of Formula (b15E)

wherein

-   -   R¹ is CH₃, R² is Cl, and G is H; and     -   R¹ is CH₃, R² is Cl, and G is C(O)Me.

“Herbicide safeners” (b16) are substances added to a herbicide formulation to eliminate or reduce phytotoxic effects of the herbicide to certain crops. These compounds protect crops from injury by herbicides but typically do not prevent the herbicide from controlling undesired vegetation. Examples of herbicide safeners include but are not limited to benoxacor, cloquintocet-mexyl, cumyluron, cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, daimuron, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dietholate, dimepiperate, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, mephenate, methoxyphenone, naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide and N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide, 1-bromo-4-[(chloromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene, 2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (MG 191), 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azospiro[4.5]decane (MON 4660), 2,2-dichloro-1-(2,2,5-trimethyl-3-oxazolidinyl)-ethanone and 2-methoxy-N-[[4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]amino]phenyl]sulfonyl]-benzamide.

The compounds of Formula 1 can be prepared by general methods known in the art of synthetic organic chemistry. One or more of the following methods and variations as described in Schemes 1-6 can be used to prepare a compound of Formula 1. The definitions of W, R¹, R², R³, n, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, L and G in the compounds of Formulae 1-8 below are as defined above in the Summary of the Invention unless otherwise noted. Compounds of Formulae 1a and 1b are various subsets of the compounds of Formula 1, and all substituents for Formulae 1a and 1b are as defined above for Formula 1 unless otherwise noted.

As shown in Scheme 1, pyridazinones of Formula 1a can be made by reacting substituted 5-hydroxy-3(2H)-pyridazinones of Formula 1b with a suitable electrophilic reagent of Formula 2 in the presence of base in an appropriate solvent. Some examples of reagent classes representing Formula 2 wherein Z¹ is Cl and L is a direct bond include acid chlorides (G is —(C═O)R⁵), carboxylates (G is —CO₂R⁶), carbamoyl chlorides (G is —CONR⁷R⁸), sulfonyl chlorides (G is —S(O)₂R⁵) and chlorosulfonamides (G is —S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸). Examples of suitable bases for this reaction include, but are not limited to, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride or potassium tert-butoxide and, depending on the specific base used, appropriate solvents can be protic or aprotic and used anhydrous or as aqueous mixtures. Preferred solvents for this reaction include acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dioxane, dichloromethane or N,N-dimethylformamide. The reaction can be performed at a range of temperatures, typically ranging from 0° C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent.

As shown in Scheme 2 compounds of the Formula 1b can be prepared via dealkylation of a compound of Formula 2, where R is a lower alkyl group. Dealkylation reagents such as boron tribromide, lithium chloride, or morpholine are suitable for this transformation (see, for example, WO 2009/086041, WO 2013/160126 and WO 2013/050421).

A compound of Formula 2 can be prepared by coupling reactions of organometallic pyridazinone coupling partners of Formula 3 with a saturated bicyclic halide and sulfonate of Formula 4 as is shown in Scheme 3. The organometallic coupling partner can be, for example, an organozinc, organomagnesium, organotin, or organoboron reagent. Palladium catalysts such as palladium tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) and those generated from other palladium sources, such as Pd₂dba₃ and Pd(OAc)₂, and a phosphine or N-heterocyclic carbene ligand can be used in the coupling procedures (Maes et al. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 9648-9659). Palladium precatalysts based on dialkyl biarylphosphine ligands, such as X-Phos, S-Phos and Ru-Phos (Buchwald et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52(2), 615-619.), or precatalysts derived from N-heterocyclic carbene ligands such as PEPPSI-i-Pr and PEPPSI-i-Pent (Organ et al. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 4343-4354) can affect this coupling as well. The reaction can be carried out in solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and dioxane. Coupling partners may be either heterocyclic halides or sulfonates. A particularly useful class of coupling partners for the reaction are those based on nonaflates (—OSO₂C₄F₉) of saturated bicyclic compounds.

As seen in Scheme 4 a compound of Formula 3 can be prepared by metalation at the 4-position of a pyridazinone of Formula 5. Zincation can be accomplished with reagents such as 2,2,6,6-bis(tetramethylpiperidine)zinc, magnesium chloride, lithium chloride complex in toluene/tetrahydrofuran (i.e. Zn(TMP)-LiCl or Zn(TMP)₂—MgCl₂—LiCl). Magnesiation of this position can also be accomplished by treatment with Mg(TMP)-LiCl. See Verhelst, T., Ph.D. thesis, University of Antwerp, 2012 for conditions for pyridazinone metallation and for palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of 4-zincated and 4-magnesiated pyridazinones. The synthesis and cross-coupling conditions for 4-stannylpyridazinones are known from Stevenson et. al. J. Het. Chem. 2005, 42, 427.

Compounds of Formula 4 where X is a halide or sulfonate can be prepared from ketones of Formula 6 as shown in Scheme 5. Dehydration/halogenation can be accomplished with such reagents as phosphorous oxychloride, phosphorous oxybromide, phosphorous pentachloride, or phosphorous tribromide. These reactions can be performed neat or in a variety of solvents such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane or chlorobenzene at temperatures ranging from 0 to 120° C. See Organic Letters 2003, 5(19), 3387-3390 where the sulfonylation can be accomplished with such reagents as methanesulfonyl chloride, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, or perflouro-1-butanesulfonyl fluoride. The reaction can be performed in the presence of a suitable base which includes but is not limited to, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilizide, sodium hydride, pyridine or triethylamine in an appropriate solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or dichloromethane. These reactions are performed at temperatures ranging from −78° C. to room temperature. See J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80(22), 11618-11623.

The R² substitutent of compounds of Formula 5, wherein R² is alkyl, cycloalkyl or substituted alkyl can be prepared by transition metal catalyzed reactions with a compound of Formula 7 as shown in Scheme 6. For reviews of these types of reactions, see: E. Negishi, Handbook of Organopalladium Chemistry for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 2002, N. Miyaura, Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Practical Guide, Springer, New York, 2002, H. C. Brown et al., Organic Synthesis via Boranes, Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Vol. 3, 2002, Suzuki et al., Chemical Reviews 1995, 95, 2457-2483 and Molander et al., Accounts of Chemical Research 2007, 40, 275-286. Also see Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series Vol. 26: Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2^(nd) Ed., Gribble and Li, editors, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007. For a review of Buchwald-Hartwig chemistry see Yudin and Hartwig, Catalyzed Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Formation, 2010, Wiley, New York. Related synthetic methods for the introduction of other functional groups at the R² position of Formula 5 are known in the art. Copper catalyzed reactions are useful for introducing the CF₃ group. For a comprehensive recent review of reagents for this reaction see Wu, Neumann and Beller in Chemistry: An Asian Journal 2012, ASAP, and references cited therein. For the introduction of a sulfur-containing substitutent at this position, see methods disclosed in WO 2013/160126. For the introduction of a cyano group at this position, see WO 2014/031971. For the introduction of a nitro group, see J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 12898. For introduction of a fluoro substituent, see J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 3792.

It is recognized by one skilled in the art that various functional groups can be converted into others to provide different compounds of Formula 1. For a valuable resource that illustrates the interconversion of functional groups in a simple and straightforward fashion, see Larock, R. C., Comprehensive Organic Transformations: A Guide to Functional Group Preparations, 2nd Ed., Wiley-VCH, New York, 1999. For example, intermediates for the preparation of compounds of Formula 1 may contain aromatic nitro groups, which can be reduced to amino groups, and then be converted via reactions well known in the art such as the Sandmeyer reaction, to various halides, providing compounds of Formula 1. The above reactions can also in many cases be performed in alternate order

It is recognized that some reagents and reaction conditions described above for preparing compounds of Formula 1 may not be compatible with certain functionalities present in the intermediates. In these instances, the incorporation of protection/deprotection sequences or functional group interconversions into the synthesis will aid in obtaining the desired products. The use and choice of the protecting groups will be apparent to one skilled in chemical synthesis (see, for example, Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P. G. M. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1991). One skilled in the art will recognize that, in some cases, after the introduction of a given reagent as depicted in any individual scheme, it may be necessary to perform additional routine synthetic steps not described in detail to complete the synthesis of compounds of Formula 1. One skilled in the art will also recognize that it may be necessary to perform a combination of the steps illustrated in the above schemes in an order other than that implied by the particular presented to prepare the compounds of Formula 1.

One skilled in the art will also recognize that compounds of Formula 1 and the intermediates described herein can be subjected to various electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, organometallic, oxidation, and reduction reactions to add substituents or modify existing substituents.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following non-limiting Examples are illustrative of the invention. Steps in the following Examples illustrate a procedure for each step in an overall synthetic transformation, and the starting material for each step may not have necessarily been prepared by a particular preparative run whose procedure is described in other Examples or Steps. ¹H NMR spectra are reported in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane in CDCl₃; “s” means singlet, “d” means doublet, and “m” means multiplet.

EXAMPLE 1 Synthesis of 4-(3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-5-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (Compound 1) Step A: Preparation of 3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate

To a solution of 2-methyl-1-tetralone (0.5 g, 3.1 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) at −78° C. was added lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1 M in tetrahydrofuran 3.7 mL, 3.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min. then perflouro-1-butanesulfonyl fluoride (1.2 g, 4.0 mmol) was added, and the resulting solution was allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After 30 min. the mixture was concentrated onto Celite® diatomaceaous earth filter aid and purified via silica gel chromatography using a gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes as eluent to provide 0.97 g of the title compound.

¹H NMR δ 7.30-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.17 (m, 1H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 2.44 (m, 2H), 2.00 (s, 3H).

Step B: Preparation of 4-(3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-5-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone

A reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen and charged with 5-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (0.2 g, 1.3 mmol), 3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate (i.e. the compound from Step A) (0.57 g, 1.3 mmol), SPhos pre-catalyst-G2 (chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxy-1,1′-biphenyl) [2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II), (0.05 g, 0.07 mmol), and tetrahydrofuran (5 mL). Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl)zinc, lithium chloride, magnesium chloride complex (1.6 mL, 1.6 mmol) was added and the solution was heated at 50° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was concentrated onto Celite® diatomaceaous earth filter aid and purified via silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide 0.32 g of the title compound, a compound of the invention.

¹H NMR δ 7.11-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.06-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.71-6.76 (m, 1H), 3.71 (d, 6H), 2.99-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.77 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 2 Synthesis of 4-(3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (Compound 2) Step A: Preparation of 4-(3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone

A solution of the 4-(3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-5-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (i.e. the product from Step B above) (0.2 g, 0.68 mmol) and morpholine (2 mL) were heated at 120° C. for 40 min. The resulting solution was cooled to ambient temperature and 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid (50 mL) and isopropanol (0.5 mL) were added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min and the resulting solid that formed was filtered and washed with water. The solid was dried under vacuum to give 0.16 g of the title compound, a compound of the invention.

¹H NMR δ 7.03-7.17 (m, 3H), 6.66-6.75 (m, 1H), 5.50 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.94-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.79-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.39-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.80 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 3 Synthesis of 5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone (Compound 3) Step A: Preparation of 3-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate

To a solution of 3-methyl-4-chromanone (1.0 g, 6.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (12 mL) at −78° C. was added lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1 M in tetrahydrofuran, 3.7 mL, 3.7 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 10 min then perflouro-1-butanesulfonyl fluoride (2.6 g, 8.7 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After 30 min the mixture was concentrated onto Celite® diatomaceaous earth filter aid, and purified via silica gel chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes as eluent to provide 1.2 g of the title compound.

¹H NMR δ 7.16-7.24 (m, 2H), 6.93-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.81-6.86 (m, 1H), 4.81 (s, 2H), 1.86-1.92 (m, 3H).

Step B: Preparation of 5-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone

A reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen and charged with 5-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (0.2 g, 1.3 mmol), 3-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate (i.e. the product from Step A) (0.58 g, 1.3 mmol), SPhos pre-catalyst-G2 (chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxy-1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II), 0.05 g, 0.07 mmol), and tetrahydrofuran (5 mL). Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl)zinc, lithium chloride, magnesium chloride complex (1.6 mL, 1.6 mmol) was added and the solution was heated at 50° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was concentrated onto Celite® diatomaceaous earth filter aid and purified via silica gel chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide 0.40 g of the title compound.

¹H NMR δ 7.04-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.80-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.67-6.72 (m, 1H), 4.87 (d, 1H), 4.71 (d, 1H), 3.71-3.78 (m, 6H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.67 (s, 3H).

Step C: Preparation of 5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone

A solution of 5-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone (i.e. the product from Step B) (0.25 g, 0.88 mmol) and morpholine (2 mL) were heated at 120° C. for 30 min. The solution was concentrated to dryness in vacuo and 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid (50 mL) and isopropanol (0.5 mL) were added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min and the solid was filtered and washed with water. The solid was dried under vacuum to give 0.20 g of the title compound, a compound of the invention.

¹H NMR δ 7.03-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.83 (m, 2H), 6.63-6.68 (m, 1H), 4.82 (d, 1H), 4.64 (d, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.60 (s, 3H).

By the procedures described herein together with methods known in the art, the following compounds of Tables 1 to 959 can be prepared. The following abbreviations are used in the Tables which follow: Me means methyl, Et means ethyl, Pr means propyl, i-Pr means isopropyl, t-Bu means tertiarybutyl, OMe means methoxy, OEt means ethoxy, SMe means methylthio, SEt means ethylthio, —CN means cyano, and SO₂Me means methylsulfonyl. A “-” in the (R³)_(n) column means n=0.

TABLE 1

W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L—G is H and (R³)_(n) R⁴ (R³)_(n) R⁴ (R³)_(n) R⁴ — H 5-Pr H 6-CN H 5-Me H 6-Pr H 7-CN H 6-Me H 7-Pr H 5-CF₃ H 7-Me H 5-OMe H 6-CF₃ H 5-Et H 6-OMe H 7-CF₃ H 6-Et H 7-OMe H 5-F H 7-Et H 5-CN H 6-F H 7-F H 7-CN Pr 7-Pr Br 5-Cl H 5-CF₃ Pr 5-OMe Br 6-Cl H 6-CF₃ Pr 6-OMe Br 7-Cl H 7-CF₃ Pr 7-OMe Br 5-Br H 5-F Pr 5-CN Br 6-Br H 6-F Pr 6-CN Br 7-Br H 7-F Pr 7-CN Br 5-OCHF₂ H 5-Cl Pr 5-CF₃ Br 6-OCHF₂ H 6-Cl Pr 6-CF₃ Br 7-OCHF₂ H 7-Cl Pr 7-CF₃ Br 6,7-di-Me H 5-Br Pr 5-F Br 5,7-di-Me H 6-Br Pr 6-F Br 5-Cl, 7-Me H 7-Br Pr 7-F Br 5-Cl, 7-OMe H 5-OCHF₂ Pr 5-Cl Br 5-F, 7-Me H 6-OCHF₂ Pr 6-Cl Br 5-Me, 7-F H 7-OCHF₂ Pr 7-Cl Br 5-Me, 7-Cl H 6,7-di-Me Pr 5-Br Br 5-Me, 7-CN H 5,7-di-Me Pr 6-Br Br 5-Me, 7-OMe H 5-Cl, 7-Me Pr 7-Br Br 5,7-di-F H 5-Cl, 7-OMe Pr 5-OCHF₂ Br 5,7-di-Cl H 5-F, 7-Me Pr 6-OCHF₂ Br 5,7-di-Br H 5-Me, 7-F Pr 7-OCHF₂ Br — Pr 5-Me, 7-Cl Pr 6,7-di-Me Br 5-Me Pr 5-Me, 7-CN Pr 5,7-di-Me Br 6-Me Pr 5-Me, 7-OMe Pr 5-Cl, 7-Me Br 7-Me Pr 5,7-di-F Pr 5-Cl, 7-OMe Br 5-Et Pr 5,7-di-Cl Pr 5-F, 7-Me Br 6-Et Pr 5,7-di-Br Pr 5-Me, 7-F Br 7-Et Pr — Br 5-Me, 7-Cl Br 5-Pr Pr 5-Me Br 5-Me, 7-CN Br 6-Pr Pr 6-Me Br 5-Me, 7-OMe Br 7-Pr Pr 7-Me Br 5,7-di-F Br 5-OMe Pr 5-Et Br 5,7-di-Cl Br 6-OMe Pr 6-Et Br 5,7-di-Br Br 7-OMe Pr 7-Et Br — OMe 5-CN Pr 5-Pr Br 5-Me OMe 6-CN Pr 6-Pr Br 6-Me OMe 7-Me OMe 5,7-di-F OMe 5-Cl, 7-OMe SCHF₂ 5-Et OMe 5,7-di-Cl OMe 5-F, 7-Me SCHF₂ 6-Et OMe 5,7-di-Br OMe 5-Me, 7-F SCHF₂ 7-Et OMe — SCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-Cl SCHF₂ 5-Pr OMe 5-Me SCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-CN SCHF₂ 6-Pr OMe 6-Me SCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-OMe SCHF₂ 7-Pr OMe 7-Me SCHF₂ 5,7-di-F SCHF₂ 5-OMe OMe 5-Et SCHF₂ 5,7-di-Cl SCHF₂ 6-OMe OMe 6-Et SCHF₂ 5,7-di-Br SCHF₂ 7-OMe OMe 7-Et SCHF₂ — Me 5-CN OMe 5-Pr SCHF₂ 5-Me Me 6-CN OMe 6-Pr SCHF₂ 6-Me Me 7-CN OMe 7-Pr SCHF₂ 7-Me Me 5-CF₃ OMe 5-OMe SCHF₂ 5-Et Me 6-CF₃ OMe 6-OMe SCHF₂ 6-Et Me 7-CF₃ OMe 7-OMe SCHF₂ 7-Et Me 5-F OMe 5-CN SCHF₂ 5-Pr Me 6-F OMe 6-CN SCHF₂ 6-Pr Me 7-F OMe 7-CN SCHF₂ 7-Pr Me 5-Cl OMe 5-CF₃ SCHF₂ 5-OMe Me 6-Cl OMe 6-CF₃ SCHF₂ 6-OMe Me 7-Cl OMe 7-CF₃ SCHF₂ 7-OMe Me 5-Br OMe 5-F SCHF₂ 5-CN Me 6-Br OMe 6-F SCHF₂ 6-CN Me 7-Br OMe 7-F SCHF₂ 7-CN Me 5-OCHF₂ OMe 5-Cl SCHF₂ 5-CF₃ Me 6-OCHF₂ OMe 6-Cl SCHF₂ 6-CF₃ Me 7-OCHF₂ OMe 7-Cl SCHF₂ 7-CF₃ Me 6,7-di-Me OMe 5-Br SCHF₂ 5-F Me 5,7-di-Me OMe 6-Br SCHF₂ 6-F Me 5-Cl, 7-Me OMe 7-Br SCHF₂ 7-F Me 5-Cl, 7-OMe OMe 5-OCHF₂ SCHF₂ 5-Cl Me 5-F, 7-Me OMe 6-OCHF₂ SCHF₂ 6-Cl Me 5-Me, 7-F OMe 7-OCHF₂ SCHF₂ 7-Cl Me 5-Me, 7-Cl OMe 6,7-di-Me SCHF₂ 5-Br Me 5-Me, 7-CN OMe 5,7-di-Me SCHF₂ 6-Br Me 5-Me, 7-OMe OMe 5-Cl, 7-Me SCHF₂ 7-Br Me 5-OCHF₂ Me 5-Cl F 5-CF₃ CN 6-OCHF₂ Me 6-Cl F 6-CF₃ CN 7-OCHF₂ Me 7-Cl F 7-CF₃ CN 6,7-di-Me Me 5-Br F 5-F CN 5,7-di-Me Me 6-Br F 6-F CN 5-Cl, 7-Me Me 7-Br F 7-F CN 5-Cl, 7-OMe Me 5-OCHF₂ F 5-Cl CN 5-F, 7-Me Me 6-OCHF₂ F 6-Cl CN 5-Me, 7-F Me 7-OCHF₂ F 7-Cl CN 5-Me, 7-Cl Me 6,7-di-Me F 5-Br CN 5-Me, 7-CN Me 5,7-di-Me F 6-Br CN 5-Me, 7-OMe Me 5-Cl, 7-Me F 7-Br CN 5,7-di-F Me 5-Cl, 7-OMe F 5-OCHF₂ CN 5,7-di-Cl Me 5-F, 7-Me F 6-OCHF₂ CN 5,7-di-Br Me 5-Me, 7-F F 7-OCHF₂ CN — F 5-Me, 7-Cl F 6,7-di-Me CN 5-Me F 5-Me, 7-CN F 5,7-di-Me CN 6-Me F 5-Me, 7-OMe F 5-Cl, 7-Me CN 7-Me F 5,7-di-F F 5-Cl, 7-OMe CN 5-Et F 5,7-di-Cl F 5-F, 7-Me CN 6-Et F 5,7-di-Br F 5-Me, 7-F CN 7-Et F — CN 5-Me, 7-Cl CN 5-Pr F 5-Me CN 5-Me, 7-CN CN 6-Pr F 6-Me CN 5-Me, 7-OMe CN 7-Pr F 7-Me CN 5,7-di-F CN 5-OMe F 5-Et CN 5,7-di-Cl CN 6-OMe F 6-Et CN 5,7-di-Br CN 7-OMe F 7-Et CN — OCHF₂ 5-CN F 5-Pr CN 5-Me OCHF₂ 6-CN F 6-Pr CN 6-Me OCHF₂ 7-CN F 7-Pr CN 7-Me OCHF₂ 5-CF₃ F 5-OMe CN 5-Et OCHF₂ 6-CF₃ F 6-OMe CN 6-Et OCHF₂ 7-CF₃ F 7-OMe CN 7-Et OCHF₂ 5-F F 5-CN CN 5-Pr OCHF₂ 6-F F 6-CN CN 6-Pr OCHF₂ 7-F F 7-CN CN 7-Pr OCHF₂ 5-OMe OCHF₂ 5-Et SCF₃ 5,7-di-Cl SCF₃ 6-OMe OCHF₂ 6-Et SCF₃ 5,7-di-Br SCF₃ 7-OMe OCHF₂ 7-Et SCF₃ — Et 5-CN OCHF₂ 5-Pr SCF₃ 5-Me Et 6-CN OCHF₂ 6-Pr SCF₃ 6-Me Et 7-CN OCHF₂ 7-Pr SCF₃ 7-Me Et 5-CF₃ OCHF₂ 5-OMe SCF₃ 5-Et Et 6-CF₃ OCHF₂ 6-OMe SCF₃ 6-Et Et 7-CF₃ OCHF₂ 7-OMe SCF₃ 7-Et Et 5-F OCHF₂ 5-CN SCF₃ 5-Pr Et 6-F OCHF₂ 6-CN SCF₃ 6-Pr Et 7-F OCHF₂ 7-CN SCF₃ 7-Pr Et 5-Cl OCHF₂ 5-CF₃ SCF₃ 5-OMe Et 6-Cl OCHF₂ 6-CF₃ SCF₃ 6-OMe Et 7-Cl OCHF₂ 7-CF₃ SCF₃ 7-OMe Et 5-Br OCHF₂ 5-F SCF₃ 5-CN Et 6-Br OCHF₂ 6-F SCF₃ 6-CN Et 7-Br OCHF₂ 7-F SCF₃ 7-CN Et 5-OCHF₂ OCHF₂ 5-Cl SCF₃ 5-CF₃ Et 6-OCHF₂ OCHF₂ 6-Cl SCF₃ 6-CF₃ Et 7-OCHF₂ OCHF₂ 7-Cl SCF₃ 7-CF₃ Et 6,7-di-Me OCHF₂ 5-Br SCF₃ 5-F Et 5,7-di-Me OCHF₂ 6-Br SCF₃ 6-F Et 5-Cl, 7-Me OCHF₂ 7-Br SCF₃ 7-F Et 5-Cl, 7-OMe OCHF₂ 5-OOCHF₂ SCF₃ 5-Cl Et 5-F, 7-Me OCHF₂ 6-OCHF₂ SCF₃ 6-Cl Et 5-Me, 7-F OCHF₂ 7-OCHF₂ SCF₃ 7-Cl Et 5-Me, 7-Cl OCHF₂ 6,7-di-Me SCF₃ 5-Br Et 5-Me, 7-CN OCHF₂ 5,7-di-Me SCF₃ 6-Br Et 5-Me, 7-OMe OCHF₂ 5-Cl, 7-Me SCF₃ 7-Br Et 5,7-di-F OCHF₂ 5-Cl, 7-OMe SCF₃ 5-OCHF₂ Et 5,7-di-Cl OCHF₂ 5-F, 7-Me SCF₃ 6-OCHF₂ Et 5,7-di-Br OCHF₂ 5-Me, 7-F SCF₃ 7-OCHF₂ Et — SCF₃ 5-Me, 7-Cl SCF₃ 6,7-di-Me Et 5-Me SCF₃ 5-Me, 7-CN SCF₃ 5,7-di-Me Et 6-Me SCF₃ 5-Me, 7-OMe SCF₃ 5-Cl, 7-Me Et 7-Me SCF₃ 5,7-di-F SCF₃ 5-Cl, 7-OMe Et 5-F, 7-Me Et 6-OCHF₂ Cl 6-Cl C≡CH 5-Me, 7-F Et 7-OCHF₂ Cl 7-Cl C≡CH 5-Me, 7-Cl Et 6,7-di-Me Cl 5-Br C≡CH 5-Me, 7-CN Et 5,7-di-Me Cl 6-Br C≡CH 5-Me, 7-OMe Et 5-Cl, 7-Me Cl 7-Br C≡CH 5,7-di-F Et 5-Cl, 7-OMe Cl 5-OCHF₂ C≡CH 5,7-di-Cl Et 5-F, 7-Me Cl 6-OCHF₂ C≡CH 5,7-di-Br Et 5-Me, 7-F Cl 7-OCHF₂ C≡CH — Cl 5-Me, 7-Cl Cl 6,7-di-Me C≡CH 5-Me Cl 5-Me, 7-CN Cl 5,7-di-Me C≡CH 6-Me Cl 5-Me, 7-OMe Cl 5-Cl, 7-Me C≡CH 7-Me Cl 5,7-di-F Cl 5-Cl, 7-OMe C≡CH 5-Et Cl 5,7-di-Cl Cl 5-F, 7-Me C≡CH 6-Et Cl 5,7-di-Br Cl 5-Me, 7-F C≡CH 7-Et Cl — C≡CH 5-Me, 7-Cl C≡CH 5-Pr Cl 5-Me C≡CH 5-Me, 7-CN C≡CH 6-Pr Cl 6-Me C≡CH 5-Me, 7-OMe C≡CH 7-Pr Cl 7-Me C≡CH 5,7-di-F C≡CH 5-OMe Cl 5-Et C≡CH 5,7-di-Cl C≡CH 6-OMe Cl 6-Et C≡CH 5,7-di-Br C≡CH 7-OMe Cl 7-Et C≡CH — SMe 5-CN Cl 5-Pr C≡CH 5-Me SMe 6-CN Cl 6-Pr C≡CH 6-Me SMe 7-CN Cl 7-Pr C≡CH 7-Me SMe 5-CF₃ Cl 5-OMe C≡CH 5-Et SMe 6-CF₃ Cl 6-OMe C≡CH 6-Et SMe 7-CF₃ Cl 7-OMe C≡CH 7-Et SMe 5-F Cl 5-CN C≡CH 5-Pr SMe 6-F Cl 6-CN C≡CH 6-Pr SMe 7-F Cl 7-CN C≡CH 7-Pr SMe 5-Cl Cl 5-CF₃ C≡CH 5-OMe SMe 6-Cl Cl 6-CF₃ C≡CH 6-OMe SMe 7-Cl Cl 7-CF₃ C≡CH 7-OMe SMe 5-Br Cl 5-F C≡CH 5-CN SMe 6-Br Cl 6-F C≡CH 6-CN SMe 7-Br Cl 7-F C≡CH 7-CN SMe 5OCHF₂ Cl 5-Cl C≡CH 5-CF₃ SMe 6-CF₃ SMe 6-Br SMe 5-F, 7-Me SMe 7-CF₃ SMe 7-Br SMe 5-Me, 7-F SMe 5-F SMe 5-OCHF₂ SMe 5-Me, 7-Cl SMe 6-F SMe 6-OCHF₂ SMe 5-Me, 7-CN SMe 7-F SMe 7-OCHF₂ SMe 5-Me, 7-OMe SMe 5-Cl SMe 6,7-di-Me SMe 5,7-di-F SMe 6-Cl SMe 5,7-di-Me SMe 5,7-di-Cl SMe 7-Cl SMe 5-Cl, 7-Me SMe 5,7-di-Br SMe 5-Br SMe 5-Cl, 7-OMe SMe

Table 2 is constructed in the same manner as Table 1 except that the Row Heading “W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H and” is replaced with the Row Heading listed for Table 2 below (i.e. “W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, and L-G is C(O)Et.”). Therefore the first entry in Table 2 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, (R³)_(n) is “-” (i.e. n is 0; no substitution with R³), R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, and L-G is C(O)Et. Tables 3 through 959 are constructed similarly.

Table Row Heading 2 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 3 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 4 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 5 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 6 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 7 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 8 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 9 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 10 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 11 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 12 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 13 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 14 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 15 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 16 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 17 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 18 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 19 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 20 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 21 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF_(3,) R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 22 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 23 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 24 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 25 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 26 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 27 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 28 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 29 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 30 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 31 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 32 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 33 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 34 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 35 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 36 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 37 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 38 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 39 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 40 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 41 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 42 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 43 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 44 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 45 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 46 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 47 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 48 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 49 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 50 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 51 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 52 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 53 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 54 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 55 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 56 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 57 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 58 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 59 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 60 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 61 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 62 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 63 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 64 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 65 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 66 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 67 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 68 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 69 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 70 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 71 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 72 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 73 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 74 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 75 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 76 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 77 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 78 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 79 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 80 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 81 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 82 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 83 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 84 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 85 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 86 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 87 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 88 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 89 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 90 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 91 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 92 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 93 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 94 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 95 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 96 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 97 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 98 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 99 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 100 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 101 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 102 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 103 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 104 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 105 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 106 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 107 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 108 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 109 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 110 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 111 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 112 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 113 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 114 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 115 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 116 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 117 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 118 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 119 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 120 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 121 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 122 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 123 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 124 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 125 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 126 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 127 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 128 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 129 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 130 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 131 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 132 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 133 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 134 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 135 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 136 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 137 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 138 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 139 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 140 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 141 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 142 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 143 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 144 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 145 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 146 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 147 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 148 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 149 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 150 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 151 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 152 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 153 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 154 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 155 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 156 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 157 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 158 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 159 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 160 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 161 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 162 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 163 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 164 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 165 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 166 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 167 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 168 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 169 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 170 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 171 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 172 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 173 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 174 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 175 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 176 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 177 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 178 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 179 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 180 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 181 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 182 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 183 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 184 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 185 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 186 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 187 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 188 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 189 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 190 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 191 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 192 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 193 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 194 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 195 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 196 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 197 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 198 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 199 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 200 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 201 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 202 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 203 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 204 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 205 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 206 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 207 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 208 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 209 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 210 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 211 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 212 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 213 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 214 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 215 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 216 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 217 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 218 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 219 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 220 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 221 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 222 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 223 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 224 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 225 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 226 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 227 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 228 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 229 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 230 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 231 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 232 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 233 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 234 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 235 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 236 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 237 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 238 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 239 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 240 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 241 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 242 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 243 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 244 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 245 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 246 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 247 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 248 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 249 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 250 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 251 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 252 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 253 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 254 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 255 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 256 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 257 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 258 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 259 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 260 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 261 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 262 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 263 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 264 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 265 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 266 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 267 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 268 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 269 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 270 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 271 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 272 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 273 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 274 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 275 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 276 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 277 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 278 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 279 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 280 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 281 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 282 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 283 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 284 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 285 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 286 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 287 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 288 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 289 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 290 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 291 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 292 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 293 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 294 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 295 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 296 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 297 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 298 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 299 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 300 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 301 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 302 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 303 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 304 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 305 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 306 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 307 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 308 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 309 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 310 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 311 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 312 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 313 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 314 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 315 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 316 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 317 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 318 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 319 W is —C(CH₃)₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 320 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 321 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 322 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 323 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 324 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 325 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 326 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 327 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 328 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 329 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 330 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 331 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 332 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 333 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 334 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 335 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 336 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 337 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 338 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 339 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 340 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H 341 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 342 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 343 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 344 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 345 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 346 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 347 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 348 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 349 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 350 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 351 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 352 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 353 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 354 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 355 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 356 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 357 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 358 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 359 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 360 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 361 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 362 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 363 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 364 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 365 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 366 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 367 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 368 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 369 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 370 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 371 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 372 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 373 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 374 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 375 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 376 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 377 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 378 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 379 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 380 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 381 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 382 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 383 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 384 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 385 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 386 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 387 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 388 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 389 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 390 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 391 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 392 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 393 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 394 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 395 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 396 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 397 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 398 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 399 W is —O—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 400 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 401 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 402 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 403 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 404 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 405 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 406 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 407 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 408 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 409 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 410 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 411 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 412 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 413 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 414 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 415 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 416 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 417 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 418 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 419 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 420 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 421 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 422 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 423 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 424 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 425 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 426 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 427 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 428 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 429 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 430 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 431 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 432 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 433 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 434 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 435 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 436 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 437 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 438 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 439 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 440 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 441 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 442 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 443 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 444 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 445 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 446 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 447 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 448 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 449 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 450 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 451 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 452 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 453 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 454 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 455 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 456 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 457 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 458 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 459 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 460 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 461 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 462 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 463 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 464 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 465 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 466 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 467 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 468 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 469 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 470 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 471 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 472 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 473 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 474 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 475 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 476 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 477 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 478 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 479 W is —O—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 480 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 481 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 482 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 483 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 484 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 485 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 486 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 487 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 488 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 489 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 490 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 491 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 492 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 493 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 494 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 495 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 496 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 497 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 498 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 499 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 500 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 501 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 502 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 503 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 504 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 505 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 506 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 507 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 508 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 509 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 510 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 511 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 512 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 513 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 514 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 515 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 516 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 517 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 518 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 519 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 520 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 521 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 522 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 523 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 524 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 525 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 526 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 527 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 528 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 529 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 530 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 531 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 532 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 533 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 534 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 535 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 536 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 537 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 538 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 539 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 540 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 541 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 542 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 543 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 544 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 545 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 546 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 547 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 548 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 549 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 550 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 551 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 552 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 553 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 554 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 555 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 556 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 557 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 558 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 559 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 560 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 561 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 562 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 563 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 564 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 565 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 566 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 567 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 568 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 569 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 570 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 571 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 572 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 573 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 574 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 575 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 576 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 577 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 578 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 579 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 580 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 581 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 582 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 583 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 584 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 585 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 586 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 587 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 588 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 589 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 590 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 591 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 592 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 593 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 594 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 595 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 596 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 597 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 598 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 599 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 600 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 601 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 602 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 603 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 604 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 605 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 606 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 607 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 608 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 609 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 610 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 611 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 612 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 613 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 614 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 615 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 616 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 617 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 618 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 619 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 620 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 621 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 622 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 623 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 624 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 625 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 626 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 627 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 628 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 629 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 630 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 631 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 632 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 633 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 634 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 635 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 636 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 637 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 638 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 639 W is —CH(CH₃)—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is H, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 640 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 641 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 642 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 643 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 644 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 645 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 646 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 647 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 648 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 649 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 650 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 651 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 652 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 653 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 654 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 655 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 656 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 657 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 658 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 659 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 660 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 661 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 662 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 663 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 664 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 665 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 666 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 667 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 668 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 669 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 670 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 671 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 672 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 673 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 674 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 675 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 676 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 677 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 678 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 679 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 680 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 681 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 682 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 683 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 684 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 685 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 686 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 687 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 688 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 689 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 690 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 691 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 692 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 693 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 694 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 695 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 696 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 697 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 698 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 699 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 700 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 701 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 702 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 703 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 704 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 705 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 706 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 707 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 708 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 709 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 710 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 711 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 712 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 713 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 714 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 715 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 716 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 717 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 718 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 719 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 720 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 721 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 722 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 723 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 724 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 725 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 726 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 727 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 728 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 729 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 730 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 731 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 732 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 733 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 734 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 735 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 736 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 737 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 738 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 739 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 740 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 741 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 742 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 743 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 744 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 745 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 746 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 747 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 748 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 749 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 750 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 751 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 752 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R5 is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 753 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 754 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 755 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 756 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 757 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 758 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 759 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 760 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 761 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 762 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 763 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 764 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 765 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 766 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 767 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 768 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 769 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 770 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 771 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 772 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 773 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 774 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 775 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 776 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 777 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 778 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 779 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 780 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 781 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 782 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 783 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 784 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 785 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 786 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 787 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 788 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 789 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 790 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is H, and 791 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Me, and 792 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)Et, and 793 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 794 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 795 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Me, and 796 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂Et, and 797 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 798 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 799 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ is H, L-G is SO₂Me, and 800 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 801 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 802 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 803 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 804 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 805 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 806 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 807 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 808 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 809 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 810 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 811 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 812 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 813 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 814 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 815 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 816 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 817 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 818 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 819 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 820 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 821 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 822 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 823 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 824 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 825 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 826 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 827 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 828 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 829 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 830 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 831 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 832 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 833 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 834 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 835 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 836 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 837 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 838 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 839 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 840 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 841 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 842 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 843 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 844 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 845 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 846 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 847 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 848 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 849 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 850 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 851 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 852 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 853 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 854 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 855 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 856 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 857 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 858 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 859 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 860 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 861 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 862 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 863 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 864 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 865 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 866 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 867 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 868 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 869 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 870 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 871 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 872 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 873 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 874 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 875 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 876 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 877 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 878 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 879 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Me, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 880 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 881 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 882 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 883 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 884 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 885 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 886 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 887 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 888 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 889 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Me, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 890 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 891 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 892 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 893 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 894 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 895 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 896 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 897 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 898 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 899 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is H, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 900 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 901 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 902 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 903 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 904 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 905 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 906 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 907 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 908 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 909 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CF₃, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 910 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 911 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 912 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 913 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 914 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 915 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 916 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 917 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 918 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 919 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Cl, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 920 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 921 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 922 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 923 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 924 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 925 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 926 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 927 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 928 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 929 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is Br, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 930 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 931 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 932 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 933 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 934 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 935 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 936 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 937 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 938 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 939 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is I, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 940 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 941 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 942 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 943 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 944 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 945 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 946 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 947 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 948 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 949 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is OMe, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and 950 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is H, and 951 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Me, and 952 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)Et, and 953 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—i-Pr, and 954 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is C(O)—t-Bu, and 955 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Me, and 956 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂Et, and 957 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—i-Pr, and 958 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is CO₂—t-Bu, and 959 W is —CH₂—, R¹ is Et, R² is CN, R⁵ is CH₃, R⁶ CH₃, L-G is SO₂Me, and

A compound of this invention will generally be used as a herbicidal active ingredient in a composition, i.e. formulation, with at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents, which serves as a carrier. The formulation or composition ingredients are selected to be consistent with the physical properties of the active ingredient, mode of application and environmental factors such as soil type, moisture and temperature.

Useful formulations include both liquid and solid compositions. Liquid compositions include solutions (including emulsifiable concentrates), suspensions, emulsions (including microemulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, flowable concentrates and/or suspoemulsions) and the like, which optionally can be thickened into gels. The general types of aqueous liquid compositions are soluble concentrate, suspension concentrate, capsule suspension, concentrated emulsion, microemulsion, oil-in-water emulsion, flowable concentrate and suspo-emulsion. The general types of nonaqueous liquid compositions are emulsifiable concentrate, microemulsifiable concentrate, dispersible concentrate and oil dispersion.

The general types of solid compositions are dusts, powders, granules, pellets, prills, pastilles, tablets, filled films (including seed coatings) and the like, which can be water-dispersible (“wettable”) or water-soluble. Films and coatings formed from film-forming solutions or flowable suspensions are particularly useful for seed treatment. Active ingredient can be (micro)encapsulated and further formed into a suspension or solid formulation; alternatively the entire formulation of active ingredient can be encapsulated (or “overcoated”). Encapsulation can control or delay release of the active ingredient. An emulsifiable granule combines the advantages of both an emulsifiable concentrate formulation and a dry granular formulation. High-strength compositions are primarily used as intermediates for further formulation.

Sprayable formulations are typically extended in a suitable medium before spraying. Such liquid and solid formulations are formulated to be readily diluted in the spray medium, usually water, but occasionally another suitable medium like an aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbon or vegetable oil. Spray volumes can range from about from about one to several thousand liters per hectare, but more typically are in the range from about ten to several hundred liters per hectare. Sprayable formulations can be tank mixed with water or another suitable medium for foliar treatment by aerial or ground application, or for application to the growing medium of the plant. Liquid and dry formulations can be metered directly into drip irrigation systems or metered into the furrow during planting.

The formulations will typically contain effective amounts of active ingredient, diluent and surfactant within the following approximate ranges which add up to 100 percent by weight.

Weight Percent Active Ingredient Diluent Surfactant Water-Dispersible and Water- 0.001-90 0-99.999 0-15 soluble Granules, Tablets and Powders Oil Dispersions, Suspensions,    1-50 40-99    0-50 Emulsions, Solutions (including Emulsifiable Concentrates) Dusts    1-25 70-99    0-5  Granules and Pellets 0.001-99 5-99.999 0-15 High Strength Compositions   90-99 0-10    0-2 

Solid diluents include, for example, clays such as bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite and kaolin, gypsum, cellulose, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, starch, dextrin, sugars (e.g., lactose, sucrose), silica, talc, mica, diatomaceous earth, urea, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and sodium sulfate. Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins et al., Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers, 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell, N.J.

Liquid diluents include, for example, water, N,N-dimethylalkanamides (e.g., N,N-dimethylformamide), limonene, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-alkylpyrrolidones (e.g., N-methylpyrrolidinone), alkyl phosphates (e.g., triethyl phosphate), ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, paraffins (e.g., white mineral oils, normal paraffins, isoparaffins), alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, glycerine, glycerol triacetate, sorbitol, aromatic hydrocarbons, dearomatized aliphatics, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, ketones such as cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, isophorone and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, acetates such as isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate, octyl acetate, nonyl acetate, tridecyl acetate and isobornyl acetate, other esters such as alkylated lactate esters, dibasic esters, alkyl and aryl benzoates and γ-butyrolactone, and alcohols, which can be linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, n-hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, n-octanol, decanol, isodecyl alcohol, isooctadecanol, cetyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, cresol and benzyl alcohol. Liquid diluents also include glycerol esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (typically C₆-C₂₂), such as plant seed and fruit oils (e.g., oils of olive, castor, linseed, sesame, corn (maize), peanut, sunflower, grapeseed, safflower, cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, coconut and palm kernel), animal-sourced fats (e.g., beef tallow, pork tallow, lard, cod liver oil, fish oil), and mixtures thereof. Liquid diluents also include alkylated fatty acids (e.g., methylated, ethylated, butylated) wherein the fatty acids may be obtained by hydrolysis of glycerol esters from plant and animal sources, and can be purified by distillation. Typical liquid diluents are described in Marsden, Solvents Guide, 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1950.

The solid and liquid compositions of the present invention often include one or more surfactants. When added to a liquid, surfactants (also known as “surface-active agents”) generally modify, most often reduce, the surface tension of the liquid. Depending on the nature of the hydrophilic and lipophilic groups in a surfactant molecule, surfactants can be useful as wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers or defoaming agents.

Surfactants can be classified as nonionic, anionic or cationic. Nonionic surfactants useful for the present compositions include, but are not limited to: alcohol alkoxylates such as alcohol alkoxylates based on natural and synthetic alcohols (which may be branched or linear) and prepared from the alcohols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof; amine ethoxylates, alkanolamides and ethoxylated alkanolamides; alkoxylated triglycerides such as ethoxylated soybean, castor and rapeseed oils; alkylphenol alkoxylates such as octylphenol ethoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylates, dinonyl phenol ethoxylates and dodecyl phenol ethoxylates (prepared from the phenols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); block polymers prepared from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and reverse block polymers where the terminal blocks are prepared from propylene oxide; ethoxylated fatty acids; ethoxylated fatty esters and oils; ethoxylated methyl esters; ethoxylated tristyrylphenol (including those prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); fatty acid esters, glycerol esters, lanolin-based derivatives, polyethoxylate esters such as polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated sorbitol fatty acid esters and polyethoxylated glycerol fatty acid esters; other sorbitan derivatives such as sorbitan esters; polymeric surfactants such as random copolymers, block copolymers, alkyd peg (polyethylene glycol) resins, graft or comb polymers and star polymers; polyethylene glycols (pegs); polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters; silicone-based surfactants; and sugar-derivatives such as sucrose esters, alkyl polyglycosides and alkyl polysaccharides.

Useful anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to: alkylaryl sulfonic acids and their salts; carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates; diphenyl sulfonate derivatives; lignin and lignin derivatives such as lignosulfonates; maleic or succinic acids or their anhydrides; olefin sulfonates; phosphate esters such as phosphate esters of alcohol alkoxylates, phosphate esters of alkylphenol alkoxylates and phosphate esters of styryl phenol ethoxylates; protein-based surfactants; sarcosine derivatives; styryl phenol ether sulfate; sulfates and sulfonates of oils and fatty acids; sulfates and sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols; sulfates of alcohols; sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols; sulfonates of amines and amides such as N,N-alkyltaurates; sulfonates of benzene, cumene, toluene, xylene, and dodecyl and tridecylbenzenes; sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes; sulfonates of naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene; sulfonates of fractionated petroleum; sulfosuccinamates; and sulfosuccinates and their derivatives such as dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts.

Useful cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to: amides and ethoxylated amides; amines such as N-alkyl propanediamines, tripropylenetriamines and dipropylenetetramines, and ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated diamines and propoxylated amines (prepared from the amines and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); amine salts such as amine acetates and diamine salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as quaternary salts, ethoxylated quaternary salts and diquaternary salts; and amine oxides such as alkyldimethylamine oxides and bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-alkylamine oxides.

Also useful for the present compositions are mixtures of nonionic and anionic surfactants or mixtures of nonionic and cationic surfactants. Nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants and their recommended uses are disclosed in a variety of published references including McCutcheon's Emulsifiers and Detergents, annual American and International Editions published by McCutcheon's Division, The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.; Sisely and Wood, Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents, Chemical Publ. Co., Inc., New York, 1964; and A. S. Davidson and B. Milwidsky, Synthetic Detergents, Seventh Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987.

Compositions of this invention may also contain formulation auxiliaries and additives, known to those skilled in the art as formulation aids (some of which may be considered to also function as solid diluents, liquid diluents or surfactants). Such formulation auxiliaries and additives may control: pH (buffers), foaming during processing (antifoams such polyorganosiloxanes), sedimentation of active ingredients (suspending agents), viscosity (thixotropic thickeners), in-container microbial growth (antimicrobials), product freezing (antifreezes), color (dyes/pigment dispersions), wash-off (film formers or stickers), evaporation (evaporation retardants), and other formulation attributes. Film formers include, for example, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and waxes. Examples of formulation auxiliaries and additives include those listed in McCutcheon's Volume 2: Functional Materials, annual International and North American editions published by McCutcheon's Division, The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.; and PCT Publication WO 03/024222.

The compound of Formula 1 and any other active ingredients are typically incorporated into the present compositions by dissolving the active ingredient in a solvent or by grinding in a liquid or dry diluent. Solutions, including emulsifiable concentrates, can be prepared by simply mixing the ingredients. If the solvent of a liquid composition intended for use as an emulsifiable concentrate is water-immiscible, an emulsifier is typically added to emulsify the active-containing solvent upon dilution with water. Active ingredient slurries, with particle diameters of up to 2,000 μm can be wet milled using media mills to obtain particles with average diameters below 3 μm. Aqueous slurries can be made into finished suspension concentrates (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084) or further processed by spray drying to form water-dispersible granules. Dry formulations usually require dry milling processes, which produce average particle diameters in the 2 to 10 μm range. Dusts and powders can be prepared by blending and usually grinding (such as with a hammer mill or fluid-energy mill). Granules and pellets can be prepared by spraying the active material upon preformed granular carriers or by agglomeration techniques. See Browning, “Agglomeration”, Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, pp 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, pages 8-57 and following, and WO 91/13546. Pellets can be prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,714. Water-dispersible and water-soluble granules can be prepared as taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,144,050, 3,920,442 and DE 3,246,493. Tablets can be prepared as taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,180,587, 5,232,701 and 5,208,030. Films can be prepared as taught in GB 2,095,558 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,299,566.

For further information regarding the art of formulation, see T. S. Woods, “The Formulator's Toolbox—Product Forms for Modern Agriculture” in Pesticide Chemistry and Bioscience, The Food-Environment Challenge, T. Brooks and T. R. Roberts, Eds., Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Pesticide Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1999, pp. 120-133. See also U.S. Pat. No. 3,235,361, Col. 6, line 16 through Col. 7, line 19 and Examples 10-41; U.S. Pat. No. 3,309,192, Col. 5, line 43 through Col. 7, line 62 and Examples 8, 12, 15, 39, 41, 52, 53, 58, 132, 138-140, 162-164, 166, 167 and 169-182; U.S. Pat. No. 2,891,855, Col. 3, line 66 through Col. 5, line 17 and Examples 1-4; Klingman, Weed Control as a Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, pp 81-96; Hance et al., Weed Control Handbook, 8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989; and Developments in formulation technology, PJB Publications, Richmond, U K, 2000.

In the following Examples, all percentages are by weight and all formulations are prepared in conventional ways. Compound numbers refer to compounds in Index Table A. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following Examples are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. Percentages are by weight except where otherwise indicated.

EXAMPLE A

High Strength Concentrate

Compound 1 98.5% silica aerogel 0.5% synthetic amorphous fine silica 1.0%

EXAMPLE B

Wettable Powder

Compound 1 65.0% dodecylphenol polyethylene glycol ether 2.0% sodium ligninsulfonate 4.0% sodium silicoaluminate 6.0% montmorillonite (calcined) 23.0%

EXAMPLE C

Granule

Compound 1 10.0% attapulgite granules (low volatile matter, 0.71/0.30 mm; 90.0% U.S.S. No. 25-50 sieves)

EXAMPLE D

Extruded Pellet

Compound 1 25.0% anhydrous sodium sulfate 10.0% crude calcium ligninsulfonate 5.0% sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate 1.0% calcium/magnesium bentonite 59.0%

EXAMPLE E

Emulsifiable Concentrate

Compound 1 10.0% polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexoleate 20.0% C₆-C₁₀ fatty acid methyl ester 70.0%

EXAMPLE F

Microemulsion

Compound 1 5.0% polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer 30.0% alkylpolyglycoside 30.0% glyceryl monooleate 15.0% water 20.0%

EXAMPLE G

Suspension Concentrate

Compound 1  35% butyl polyoxyethylene/polypropylene block copolymer 4.0% stearic acid/polyethylene glycol copolymer 1.0% styrene acrylic polymer 1.0% xanthan gum 0.1% propylene glycol 5.0% silicone based defoamer 0.1% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.1% water 53.7% 

EXAMPLE H

Emulsion in Water

Compound 1 10.0% butyl polyoxyethylene/polypropylene block copolymer 4.0% stearic acid/polyethylene glycol copolymer 1.0% styrene acrylic polymer 1.0% xanthan gum 0.1% propylene glycol 5.0% silicone based defoamer 0.1% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.1% aromatic petroleum based hydrocarbon 20.0 water 58.7%

EXAMPLE I

Oil Dispersion

Compound 1 25% polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate 15% organically modified bentonite clay 2.5%  fatty acid methyl ester 57.5%  

The present disclosure also includes Examples A through I above except “Compound 1” is replaced with “Compound 2” and “Compound 3”. “Compound 4”, “Compound 5”, “Compound 6”, Compound 7” or “Compound 8” above as described in Index Table A. Test results indicate that the compounds of the present invention are highly active preemergent and/or postemergent herbicides and/or plant growth regulants. The compounds of the invention generally show highest activity for postemergence weed control (i.e. applied after weed seedlings emerge from the soil) and preemergence weed control (i.e. applied before weed seedlings emerge from the soil). Many of them have utility for broad-spectrum pre- and/or postemergence weed control in areas where complete control of all vegetation is desired such as around fuel storage tanks, industrial storage areas, parking lots, drive-in theaters, air fields, river banks, irrigation and other waterways, around billboards and highway and railroad structures. Many of the compounds of this invention, by virtue of selective metabolism in crops versus weeds, or by selective activity at the locus of physiological inhibition in crops and weeds, or by selective placement on or within the environment of a mixture of crops and weeds, are useful for the selective control of grass and broadleaf weeds within a crop/weed mixture. One skilled in the art will recognize that the preferred combination of these selectivity factors within a compound or group of compounds can readily be determined by performing routine biological and/or biochemical assays. Compounds of this invention may show tolerance to important agronomic crops including, but is not limited to, alfalfa, barley, cotton, wheat, rape, sugar beets, corn (maize), sorghum, soybeans, rice, oats, peanuts, vegetables, tomato, potato, perennial plantation crops including coffee, cocoa, oil palm, rubber, sugarcane, citrus, grapes, fruit trees, nut trees, banana, plantain, pineapple, hops, tea and forests such as eucalyptus and conifers (e.g., loblolly pine), and turf species (e.g., Kentucky bluegrass, St. Augustine grass, Kentucky fescue and Bermuda grass). Compounds of this invention can be used in crops genetically transformed or bred to incorporate resistance to herbicides, express proteins toxic to invertebrate pests (such as Bacillus thuringiensis toxin), and/or express other useful traits. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that not all compounds are equally effective against all weeds. Alternatively, the subject compounds are useful to modify plant growth.

As the compounds of the invention have both preemergent and postemergent herbicidal activity, to control undesired vegetation by killing or injuring the vegetation or reducing its growth, the compounds can be usefully applied by a variety of methods involving contacting a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a composition comprising said compound and at least one of a surfactant, a solid diluent or a liquid diluent, to the foliage or other part of the undesired vegetation or to the environment of the undesired vegetation such as the soil or water in which the undesired vegetation is growing or which surrounds the seed or other propagule of the undesired vegetation. Undesired vegetation includes at least one selected from the group consisting of grass weeds and broadleaf weeds. Undesired vegetation is selected from the group consisting of annual bluegrass (Poa annua), Benghal dayflower, blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), black nightshade (eastern black nightshade, Solanum ptycanthum), broadleaf signalgrass, Canada thistle, cheat, common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum or Xanthium strumarium), corn poppies, field violet (Viola arvensis), goosegrass (Eleusine indica), guinea grass, hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa), herbicide-resistant blackgrass, horseweed, Italian rye grass, jimsonweed, Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), little seed canary grass, morning glory, Pennsylvania smartweed, ladysthumb smartweed (Polygonum Persicaria), pitted morning glory, prickly sida, quackgrass, redroot pigweed, palmer pigweed (Amaranthus palmeri), shattercane, shepherd's purse, windgrass, silky windgrass (Apera spica-venti), sunflower (Helianthus annuus, as a weed in a potato crop), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis), wild oat (Avena fatua), wild pointsettia, yellow foxtail, yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea), common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis), surinam grass (Brachiaria decumbens), downy bromegrass (Bromus tectorum), woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), Russian thistle (Salsola kali), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), common chickweed (Stellaria media), henbit deadnettle (Lamium amplexicaule), littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor), field poppy (Papaver rhoeas), scentless chamomile (Matricaria inodora), bird's-eye speedwell (Veronica persica), wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla), Brazilian crabgrass (Digitaria horizontalis), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum), southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus), arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia), Virginia dayflower (Commelina virginica), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis), hardstem bulrush (Scirpus juncoides), purple redstem (Ammannia coccinea), bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fascicularis), common waterplantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica), and late watergrass (Echinochloa oryzicola).

A herbicidally effective amount of the compounds of this invention is determined by a number of factors. These factors include: formulation selected, method of application, amount and type of vegetation present, growing conditions, etc. In general, a herbicidally effective amount of compounds of this invention is about 0.001 to 20 kg/ha with a preferred range of about 0.004 to 1 kg/ha. One skilled in the art can easily determine the herbicidally effective amount necessary for the desired level of weed control.

In one common embodiment, a compound of the invention is applied, typically in a formulated composition, to a locus comprising desired vegetation (e.g., crops) and undesired vegetation (i.e. weeds), both of which may be seeds, seedlings and/or larger plants, in contact with a growth medium (e.g., soil). In this locus, a composition comprising a compound of the invention can be directly applied to a plant or a part thereof, particularly of the undesired vegetation, and/or to the growth medium in contact with the plant.

Plant varieties and cultivars of the desired vegetation in the locus treated with a compound of the invention can be obtained by conventional propagation and breeding methods or by genetic engineering methods. Genetically modified plants (transgenic plants) are those in which a heterologous gene (transgene) has been stably integrated into the plant's genome. A transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant genome is called a transformation or transgenic event.

Although most typically, compounds of the invention are used to control undesired vegetation, contact of desired vegetation in the treated locus with compounds of the invention may result in super-additive or synergistic (enhanced) effects with genetic traits in the desired vegetation, including traits incorporated through genetic modification. For example, resistance to phytophagous insect pests or plant diseases, tolerance to biotic/abiotic stresses or storage stability may be greater than expected from the genetic traits in the desired vegetation.

Compounds of this invention can also be mixed with one or more other biologically active compounds or agents including herbicides, herbicide safeners, fungicides, insecticides, nematocides, bactericides, acaricides, growth regulators such as insect molting inhibitors and rooting stimulants, chemosterilants, semiochemicals, repellents, attractants, pheromones, feeding stimulants, plant nutrients, other biologically active compounds or entomopathogenic bacteria, virus or fungi to form a multi-component pesticide giving an even broader spectrum of agricultural protection. Mixtures of the compounds of the invention with other herbicides can broaden the spectrum of activity against additional weed species, and suppress the proliferation of any resistant biotypes. Thus the present invention also pertains to a composition comprising a compound of Formula 1 (in a herbicidally effective amount) and at least one additional biologically active compound or agent (in a biologically effective amount) and can further comprise at least one of a surfactant, a solid diluent or a liquid diluent. The other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated in compositions comprising at least one of a surfactant, solid or liquid diluent.

For mixtures of the present invention, one or more other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated together with a compound of Formula 1, to form a premix, or one or more other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated separately from the compound of Formula 1, and the formulations combined together before application (e.g., in a spray tank) or, alternatively, applied in succession.

A mixture of one or more of the following herbicides with a compound of this invention may be particularly useful for weed control: acetochlor, acifluorfen and its sodium salt, aclonifen, acrolein (2-propenal), alachlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor and its esters (e.g., methyl, ethyl) and salts (e.g., sodium, potassium), aminopyralid, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azimsulfuron, beflubutamid, S-beflubutamide, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bilanafos, bispyribac and its sodium salt, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, bromoxynil octanoate, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, catechin, chlomethoxyfen, chloramben, chlorbromuron, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorotoluron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clacyfos, clefoxydim, clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid, clopyralid-olamine, cloransulam-methyl, cumyluron, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclopyranil, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, 2,4-D and its butotyl, butyl, isoctyl and isopropyl esters and its dimethylammonium, diolamine and trolamine salts, daimuron, dalapon, dalapon-sodium, dazomet, 2,4-DB and its dimethylammonium, potassium and sodium salts, desmedipham, desmetryn, dicamba and its diglycolammonium, dimethylammonium, potassium and sodium salts, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, diclofop-methyl, diclosulam, difenzoquat metilsulfate, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipin, dimethylarsinic acid and its sodium salt, dinitramine, dinoterb, diphenamid, diquat dibromide, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC, endothal, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethiozin, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenquinotrione, fentrazamide, fenuron, fenuron-TCA, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazolate, flucarbazone, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupyrsulfuron-methyl and its sodium salt, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fosamine-ammonium, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glyphosate and its salts such as ammonium, isopropylammonium, potassium, sodium (including sesquisodium) and trimesium (alternatively named sulfosate), halauxifen, halauxifen-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, hexazinone, hydantocidin, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iofensulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl, ioxynil, ioxynil octanoate, ioxynil-sodium, ipfencarbazone, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, maleic hydrazide, MCPA and its salts (e.g., MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA-potassium and MCPA-sodium, esters (e.g., MCPA-2-ethylhexyl, MCPA-butotyl) and thioesters (e.g., MCPA-thioethyl), MCPB and its salts (e.g., MCPB-sodium) and esters (e.g., MCPB-ethyl), mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mefluidide, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, metam-sodium, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, methabenzthiazuron, methylarsonic acid and its calcium, monoammonium, monosodium and disodium salts, methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-M, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat dichloride, pebulate, pelargonic acid, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, perfluidone, pethoxamid, pethoxyamid, phenmedipham, picloram, picloram-potassium, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, profoxydim, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazogyl, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA, TCA-sodium, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thiencarbazone, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, tiafenacil, tiocarbazil, tolpyralate, topramezone, tralkoxydim, tri-allate, triafamone, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium, tridiphane, trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifludimoxazin, trifluralin, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, vernolate, 3-(2-chloro-3,6-difluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,5-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one, 5-chloro-3-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2(1H)-quinoxalinone, 2-chloro-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, 7-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-5-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-8-hydroxypyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-6(5H)-one), 4-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone), 5-[[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methoxy]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)isoxazole (previously methioxolin), 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2-pyridinecarboxylate, 2-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide and 2-methyl-N-(4-methyl-1,2,55-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-(methylsulfinyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide. Other herbicides also include bioherbicides such as Alternaria destruens Simmons, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., Drechsiera monoceras (MTB-951), Myrothecium verrucaria (Albertini & Schweinitz) Ditmar: Fries, Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl. and Puccinia thlaspeos Schub.

Preferred for better control of undesired vegetation (e.g., lower use rate such as from greater-than-additive effects, broader spectrum of weeds controlled, or enhanced crop safety) or for preventing the development of resistant weeds are mixtures of a compound of this invention with a herbicide selected from the group consisting of atrazine, azimsulfuron, beflubutamid, S-beflubutamide, benzisothiazolinone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron-methyl, clomazone, clopyralid potassium, cloransulam-methyl, 2-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone, ethametsulfuron-methyl, flumetsulam, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-i 1,2,4-triazine-3,5-(2H,4H)-dione, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, imazethapyr, lenacil, mesotrione, metribuzin, metsulfuron-methyl, pethoxamid, picloram, pyroxasulfone, quinclorac, rimsulfuron, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, thifensulfuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl and tribenuron-methyl.

Compounds of this invention can also be used in combination with plant growth regulators such as aviglycine, N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine, epocholeone, gibberellic acid, gibberellin A₄ and A₇, harpin protein, mepiquat chloride, prohexadione calcium, prohydrojasmon, sodium nitrophenolate and trinexapac-methyl, and plant growth modifying organisms such as Bacillus cereus strain BP01.

General references for agricultural protectants (i.e. herbicides, herbicide safeners, insecticides, fungicides, nematocides, acaricides and biological agents) include The Pesticide Manual, 13th Edition, C. D. S. Tomlin, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U. K., 2003 and The BioPesticide Manual, 2nd Edition, L. G. Copping, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U. K., 2001.

For embodiments where one or more of these various mixing partners are used, the mixing partners are typically used in the amounts similar to amounts customary when the mixture partners are used alone. More particularly in mixtures, active ingredients are often applied at an application rate between one-half and the full application rate specified on product labels for use of active ingredient alone. These amounts are listed in references such as The Pesticide Manual and The BioPesticide Manual. The weight ratio of these various mixing partners (in total) to the compound of Formula 1 is typically between about 1:3000 and about 3000:1. Of note are weight ratios between about 1:300 and about 300:1 (for example ratios between about 1:30 and about 30:1). One skilled in the art can easily determine through simple experimentation the biologically effective amounts of active ingredients necessary for the desired spectrum of biological activity. It will be evident that including these additional components may expand the spectrum of weeds controlled beyond the spectrum controlled by the compound of Formula 1 alone.

In certain instances, combinations of a compound of this invention with other biologically active (particularly herbicidal) compounds or agents (i.e. active ingredients) can result in a greater-than-additive (i.e. synergistic or (enhanced)) effect on weeds and/or a less-than-additive effect (i.e. safening) on crops or other desirable plants. Reducing the quantity of active ingredients released in the environment while ensuring effective pest control is always desirable. Ability to use greater amounts of active ingredients to provide more effective weed control without excessive crop injury is also desirable. When synergism (enhancement) of herbicidal active ingredients occurs on weeds at application rates giving agronomically satisfactory levels of weed control, such combinations can be advantageous for reducing crop production cost and decreasing environmental load. When safening of herbicidal active ingredients occurs on crops, such combinations can be advantageous for increasing crop protection by reducing weed competition.

Of note is a combination of a compound of the invention with at least one other herbicidal active ingredient. Of particular note is such a combination where the other herbicidal active ingredient has different site of action from the compound of the invention. In certain instances, a combination with at least one other herbicidal active ingredient having a similar spectrum of control but a different site of action will be particularly advantageous for resistance management. Thus, a composition of the present invention can further comprise (in a herbicidally effective amount) at least one additional herbicidal active ingredient having a similar spectrum of control but a different site of action.

Compounds of this invention can also be used in combination with herbicide safeners such as allidochlor, benoxacor, cloquintocet-mexyl, cumyluron, cyometrinil, cyprosulfonamide, daimuron, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dietholate, dimepiperate, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, mephenate, methoxyphenone naphthalic anhydride (1,8-naphthalic anhydride), oxabetrinil, N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide, N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide, 1-bromo-4-[(chloromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene (BCS), 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azospiro[4.5]decane (MON 4660), 2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (MG 191), ethyl 1,6-dihydro-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-oxo-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylate, 2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, and 3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl 1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-2-phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylate, 2,2-dichloro-1-(2,2,5-trimethyl-3-oxazolidinyl)-ethanone and 2-methoxy-N-[[4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]amino]phenyl]sulfonyl]-benzamide to increase safety to certain crops. Antidotally effective amounts of the herbicide safeners can be applied at the same time as the compounds of this invention, or applied as seed treatments. Therefore an aspect of the present invention relates to a herbicidal mixture comprising a compound of this invention and an antidotally effective amount of a herbicide safener. Seed treatment is particularly useful for selective weed control, because it physically restricts antidoting to the crop plants. Therefore a particularly useful embodiment of the present invention is a method for selectively controlling the growth of undesired vegetation in a crop comprising contacting the locus of the crop with a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of this invention wherein seed from which the crop is grown is treated with an antidotally effective amount of safener. Antidotally effective amounts of safeners can be easily determined by one skilled in the art through simple experimentation.

Compounds of the invention can also be mixed with: (1) polynucleotides including but not limited to DNA, RNA, and/or chemically modified nucleotides influencing the amount of a particular target through down regulation, interference, suppression or silencing of the genetically derived transcript that render a herbicidal effect; or (2) polynucleotides including but not limited to DNA, RNA, and/or chemically modified nucleotides influencing the amount of a particular target through down regulation, interference, suppression or silencing of the genetically derived transcript that render a safening effect.

Of note is a composition comprising a compound of the invention (in a herbicidally effective amount), at least one additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of other herbicides and herbicide safeners (in an effective amount), and at least one component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents. Table A1 lists specific combinations of a Component (a) with Component (b) illustrative of the mixtures, compositions and methods of the present invention. Compound 1 in the Component (a) column is identified in Index Table A. The second column of Table A1 lists the specific Component (b) compound (e.g., “2,4-D” in the first line). The third, fourth and fifth columns of Table A1 lists ranges of weight ratios for rates at which the Component (a) compound is typically applied to a field-grown crop relative to Component (b) (i.e. (a):(b)). Thus, for example, the first line of Table A1 specifically discloses the combination of Component (a) (i.e. Compound 1 in Index Table A) with 2,4-D is typically applied in a weight ratio between 1:192-6:1. The remaining lines of Table A1 are to be construed similarly.

TABLE A1 Component (a) Typical More Typical Most Typical (Compound #) Component (b) Weight Ratio Weight Ratio Weight Ratio 1 2,4-D 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Acetochlor 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Acifluorfen  1:96-12:1 1:32-4:1 1:12-1:2 1 Aclonifen 1:857-2:1 1:285-1:3  1:107-1:12 1 Alachlor 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Ametryn 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Amicarbazone 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Amidosulfuron   1:6-168:1  1:2-56:1  1:1-11:1 1 Aminocyclopyrachlor  1:48-24:1 1:16-8:1  1:6-2:1 1 Aminopyralid  1:20-56:1  1:6-19:1  1:2-4:1 1 Amitrole 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Anilofos  1:96-12:1 1:32-4:1 1:12-1:2 1 Asulam 1:960-2:1 1:320-1:3  1:120-1:14 1 Atrazine 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Azimsulfuron   1:6-168:1  1:2-56:1  1:1-11:1 1 Beflubutamid 1:342-4:1 1:114-2:1  1:42-1:5 1 S-Beflubutamid  1:171-4:0.5  1:57-2:0.5  1:21-1:2.5 1 Benfuresate 1:617-2:1 1:205-1:2  1:77-1:9 1 Bensulfuron-methyl  1:25-45:1  1:8-15:1  1:3-3:1 1 Bentazone 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Benzobicyclon  1:85-14:1 1:28-5:1 1:10-1:2 1 Benzofenap 1:257-5:1 1:85-2:1 1:32-1:4 1 Bicyclopyrone  1:42-27:1 1:14-9:1  1:5-2:1 1 Bifenox 1:257-5:1 1:85-2:1 1:32-1:4 1 Bispyribac-sodium   1:10-112:1  1:3-38:1  1:1-7:1 1 Bromacil 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Bromobutide 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Bromoxynil  1:96-12:1 1:32-4:1 1:12-1:2 1 Butachlor 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Butafenacil  1:42-27:1 1:14-9:1  1:5-2:1 1 Butylate 1:1542-1:2  1:514-1:5  1:192-1:22 1 Carfenstrole 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Carfentrazone-ethyl 1:128-9:1 1:42-3:1 1:16-1:2 1 Chlorimuron-ethyl   1:8-135:1  1:2-45:1  1:1-9:1 1 Chlorotoluron 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Chlorsulfuron   1:6-168:1  1:2-56:1  1:1-11:1 1 Cincosulfuron  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Cinidon-ethyl 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Cinmethylin  1:34-34:1  1:11-12:1  1:4-3:1 1 Clacyfos  1:34-34:1  1:11-12:1  1:4-3:1 1 Clethodim  1:48-24:1 1:16-8:1  1:6-2:1 1 Clodinafop-propargyl  1:20-56:1  1:6-19:1  1:2-4:1 1 Clomazone 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Clomeprop 1:171-7:1 1:57-3:1 1:21-1:3 1 Clopyralid 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Cloransulam-methyl  1:12-96:1  1:4-32:1  1:1-6:1 1 Cumyluron 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Cyanazine 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Cyclopyrimorate  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Cyclosulfamuron  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Cycloxydim  1:96-12:1 1:32-4:1 1:12-1:2 1 Cyhalofop  1:25-45:1  1:8-15:1  1:3-3:1 1 Daimuron 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Desmedipham 1:322-4:1 1:107-2:1  1:40-1:5 1 Dicamba 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Dichlobenil 1:1371-1:2  1:457-1:4  1:171-1:20 1 Dichlorprop 1:925-2:1 1:308-1:3  1:115-1:13 1 Diclofop-methyl 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Diclosulam   1:10-112:1  1:3-38:1  1:1-7:1 1 Difenzoquat 1:288-4:1 1:96-2:1 1:36-1:4 1 Diflufenican 1:857-2:1 1:285-1:3  1:107-1:12 1 Diflufenzopyr  1:12-96:1  1:4-32:1  1:1-6:1 1 Dimethachlor 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Dimethametryn 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Dimethenamid-P 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Dithiopyr 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Diuron 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 EPTC 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Esprocarb 1:1371-1:2  1:457-1:4  1:171-1:20 1 Ethalfluralin 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Ethametsulfuron-methyl  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Ethoxyfen   1:8-135:1  1:2-45:1  1:1-9:1 1 Ethoxysulfuron  1:20-56:1  1:6-19:1  1:2-4:1 1 Etobenzanid 1:257-5:1 1:85-2:1 1:32-1:4 1 Fenoxaprop-ethyl  1:120-10:1 1:40-4:1 1:15-1:2 1 Fenoxasulfone  1:85-14:1 1:28-5:1 1:10-1:2 1 Fenquinotrione  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Fentrazamide  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Flazasulfuron  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Florasulam   1:2-420:1   1:1-140:1  2:1-27:1 1 Fluazifop-butyl 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Flucarbazone   1:8-135:1  1:2-45:1  1:1-9:1 1 Flucetosulfuron   1:8-135:1  1:2-45:1  1:1-9:1 1 Flufenacet 1:257-5:1 1:85-2:1 1:32-1:4 1 Flumetsulam  1:24-48:1  1:8-16:1  1:3-3:1 1 Flumiclorac-pentyl   1:10-112:1  1:3-38:1  1:1-7:1 1 Flumioxazin  1:25-45:1  1:8-15:1  1:3-3:1 1 Fluometuron 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Flupyrsulfuron-methyl   1:3-336:1   1:1-112:1  2:1-21:1 1 Fluridone 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Fluroxypyr  1:96-12:1 1:32-4:1 1:12-1:2 1 Flurtamone 1:857-2:1 1:285-1:3  1:107-1:12 1 Fluthiacet-methyl  1:48-42:1  1:16-14:1  1:3-3:1 1 Fomesafen  1:96-12:1 1:32-4:1 1:12-1:2 1 Foramsulfuron  1:13-84:1  1:4-28:1  1:1-6:1 1 Glufosinate 1:288-4:1 1:96-2:1 1:36-1:4 1 Glyphosate 1:288-4:1 1:96-2:1 1:36-1:4 1 Halosulfuron-methyl  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Halauxifen  1:20-56:1  1:6-19:1  1:2-4:1 1 Halauxifen methyl  1:20-56:1  1:6-19:1  1:2-4:1 1 Haloxyfop-methyl  1:34-34:1  1:11-12:1  1:4-3:1 1 Hexazinone 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Hydantocidin 1:1100-16:1 1:385-8:1  1:144-4:1  1 Imazamox  1:13-84:1  1:4-28:1  1:1-6:1 1 Imazapic  1:20-56:1  1:6-19:1  1:2-4:1 1 Imazapyr  1:85-14:1 1:28-5:1 1:10-1:2 1 Imazaquin  1:34-34:1  1:11-12:1  1:4-3:1 1 Imazethabenz-methyl 1:171-7:1 1:57-3:1 1:21-1:3 1 Imazethapyr  1:24-48:1  1:8-16:1  1:3-3:1 1 Imazosulfuron  1:27-42:1  1:9-14:1  1:3-3:1 1 Indanofan 1:342-4:1 1:114-2:1  1:42-1:5 1 Indaziflam  1:25-45:1  1:8-15:1  1:3-3:1 1 Iodosulfuron-methyl   1:3-336:1   1:1-112:1  2:1-21:1 1 Ioxynil 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Ipfencarbazone  1:85-14:1 1:28-5:1 1:10-1:2 1 Isoproturon 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Isoxaben 1:288-4:1 1:96-2:1 1:36-1:4 1 Isoxaflutole  1:60-20:1 1:20-7:1  1:7-2:1 1 Lactofen  1:42-27:1 1:14-9:1  1:5-2:1 1 Lenacil 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Linuron 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 MCPA 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 MCPB 1:288-4:1 1:96-2:1 1:36-1:4 1 Mecoprop 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Mefenacet 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Mefluidide 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Mesosulfuron-methyl   1:5-224:1  1:1-75:1  1:1-14:1 1 Mesotrione  1:42-27:1 1:14-9:1  1:5-2:1 1 Metamifop  1:42-27:1 1:14-9:1  1:5-2:1 1 Metazachlor 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Metazosulfuron  1:25-45:1  1:8-15:1  1:3-3:1 1 Methabenzthiazuron 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Metolachlor 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Metosulam   1:8-135:1  1:2-45:1  1:1-9:1 1 Metribuzin 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Metsulfuron-methyl   1:2-560:1   1:1-187:1  3:1-35:1 1 Molinate 1:1028-2:1  1:342-1:3  1:128-1:15 1 Napropamide 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Napropamide-M 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Naptalam 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Nicosulfuron  1:12-96:1  1:4-32:1  1:1-6:1 1 Norflurazon 1:1152-1:1  1:384-1:3  1:144-1:16 1 Orbencarb 1:1371-1:2  1:457-1:4  1:171-1:20 1 Orthosulfamuron  1:20-56:1  1:6-19:1  1:2-4:1 1 Oryzalin 1:514-3:1 1:171-1:2  1:64-1:8 1 Oxadiargyl 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Oxadiazon 1:548-3:1 1:182-1:2  1:68-1:8 1 Oxasulfuron  1:27-42:1  1:9-14:1  1:3-3:1 1 Oxaziclomefone  1:42-27:1 1:14-9:1  1:5-2:1 1 Oxyfluorfen 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Paraquat 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Pendimethalin 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Penoxsulam   1:10-112:1  1:3-38:1  1:1-7:1 1 Penthoxamid 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Pentoxazone  1:102-12:1 1:34-4:1 1:12-1:2 1 Phenmedipham  1:102-12:1 1:34-4:1 1:12-1:2 1 Picloram  1:96-12:1 1:32-4:1 1:12-1:2 1 Picolinafen  1:34-34:1  1:11-12:1  1:4-3:1 1 Pinoxaden  1:25-45:1  1:8-15:1  1:3-3:1 1 Pretilachlor 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Primisulfuron-methyl   1:8-135:1  1:2-45:1  1:1-9:1 1 Prodiamine 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Profoxydim  1:42-27:1 1:14-9:1  1:5-2:1 1 Prometryn 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Propachlor 1:1152-1:1  1:384-1:3  1:144-1:16 1 Propanil 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Propaquizafop  1:48-24:1 1:16-8:1  1:6-2:1 1 Propoxycarbazone  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Propyrisulfuron  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Propyzamide 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Prosulfocarb 1:1200-1:2  1:400-1:4  1:150-1:17 1 Prosulfuron   1:6-168:1  1:2-56:1  1:1-11:1 1 Pyraclonil  1:42-27:1 1:14-9:1  1:5-2:1 1 Pyraflufen-ethyl   1:5-224:1  1:1-75:1  1:1-14:1 1 Pyrasulfotole  1:13-84:1  1:4-28:1  1:1-6:1 1 Pyrazolynate 1:857-2:1 1:285-1:3  1:107-1:12 1 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl   1:10-112:1  1:3-38:1  1:1-7:1 1 Pyrazoxyfen   1:5-224:1  1:1-75:1  1:1-14:1 1 Pyribenzoxim   1:10-112:1  1:3-38:1  1:1-7:1 1 Pyributicarb 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Pyridate 1:288-4:1 1:96-2:1 1:36-1:4 1 Pyriftalid   1:10-112:1  1:3-38:1  1:1-7:1 1 Pyriminobac-methyl  1:20-56:1  1:6-19:1  1:2-4:1 1 Pyrimisulfan  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Pyrithiobac  1:24-48:1  1:8-16:1  1:3-3:1 1 Pyroxasulfone  1:85-14:1 1:28-5:1 1:10-1:2 1 Pyroxsulam   1:5-224:1  1:1-75:1  1:1-14:1 1 Quinclorac 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Quizalofop-ethyl  1:42-27:1 1:14-9:1  1:5-2:1 1 Rimsulfuron  1:13-84:1  1:4-28:1  1:1-6:1 1 Saflufenacil  1:25-45:1  1:8-15:1  1:3-3:1 1 Sethoxydim  1:96-12:1 1:32-4:1 1:12-1:2 1 Simazine 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Sulcotrione  1:120-10:1 1:40-4:1 1:15-1:2 1 Sulfentrazone 1:147-8:1 1:49-3:1 1:18-1:3 1 Sulfometuron-methyl  1:34-34:1  1:11-12:1  1:4-3:1 1 Sulfosulfuron   1:8-135:1  1:2-45:1  1:1-9:1 1 Tebuthiuron 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Tefuryltrione  1:42-27:1 1:14-9:1  1:5-2:1 1 Tembotrione  1:31-37:1  1:10-13:1  1:3-3:1 1 Tepraloxydim  1:25-45:1  1:8-15:1  1:3-3:1 1 Terbacil 1:288-4:1 1:96-2:1 1:36-1:4 1 Terbuthylazine 1:857-2:1 1:285-1:3  1:107-1:12 1 Terbutryn 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Thenylchlor  1:85-14:1 1:28-5:1 1:10-1:2 1 Thiazopyr 1:384-3:1 1:128-1:1  1:48-1:6 1 Thiencarbazone   1:3-336:1   1:1-112:1  2:1-21:1 1 Thifensulfuron-methyl   1:5-224:1  1:1-75:1  1:1-14:1 1 Tiafenacil  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Thiobencarb 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Tolpyralate  1:31-37:1  1:10-13:1  1:3-3:1 1 Topramzone   1:6-168:1  1:2-56:1  1:1-11:1 1 Tralkoxydim  1:68-17:1 1:22-6:1  1:8-2:1 1 Triafamone   1:2-420:1   1:1-140:1  2:1-27:1 1 Triallate 1:768-2:1 1:256-1:2   1:96-1:11 1 Triasulfuron   1:5-224:1  1:1-75:1  1:1-14:1 1 Triaziflam 1:171-7:1 1:57-3:1 1:21-1:3 1 Tribenuron-methyl   1:3-336:1   1:1-112:1  2:1-21:1 1 Triclopyr 1:192-6:1 1:64-2:1 1:24-1:3 1 Trifloxysulfuron   1:2-420:1   1:1-140:1  2:1-27:1 1 Trifludimoxazin  1:25-45:1  1:8-15:1  1:3-3:1 1 Trifluralin 1:288-4:1 1:96-2:1 1:36-1:4 1 Triflusulfuron-methyl  1:17-68:1  1:5-23:1  1:2-5:1 1 Tritosulfuron  1:13-84:1  1:4-28:1  1:1-6:1

Table A2 is constructed the same as Table A1 above except that entries below the “Component (a)” column heading are replaced with the respective Component (a) Column Entry shown below. Compound 1 in the Component (a) column is identified in Index Table A. Thus, for example, in Table A2 the entries below the “Component (a)” column heading all recite “Compound 2” (i.e. Compound 2 identified in Index Table A), and the first line below the column headings in Table A2 specifically discloses a mixture of Compound 2 with 2,4-D. Tables A3 through A7 are constructed similarly.

Table Number Component (a) Column Entries A2 Compound 2 A3 Compound 3 A4 Compound 4 A5 Compound 5 A6 Compound 6 A7 Compound 7 A8 Compound 8

Preferred for better control of undesired vegetation (e.g., lower use rate such as from synergism (enhancement), broader spectrum of weeds controlled, or enhanced crop safety) or for preventing the development of resistant weeds are mixtures of a compound of this invention with a herbicide selected from the group consisting of chlorsulfuron, ethametsulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, mesotrione, thifensulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, tribenuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl, pyroxasulfone, pinoxaden, tembotrione, pyroxsulam, metolachlor and S-metolachlor.

The following Tests demonstrate the control efficacy of the compounds of this invention against specific weeds. The weed control afforded by the compounds is not limited, however, to these species. See Index Table A for compound descriptions. The abbreviation Me means methyl. The abbreviation “Cmpd. No.” stands for “Compound Number”. The abbreviation “Ex.” stands for “Example” and is followed by a number indicating in which example the compound is prepared. Mass spectra are reported with an estimated precision within ±0.5 Da as the molecular weight of the highest isotopic abundance parent ion (M+1) formed by addition of H⁺ (molecular weight of 1) to the molecule observed by using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (AP+).

INDEX TABLE A

Cmpd. No. R¹ R² (R³)n R⁴ R⁵/R⁶ W L—G Mass (AP⁺) 1 (Ex. 1) CH₃ CH₃ H CH₃ H/H —CH₂— CH₃ 297 * 2 (Ex. 2) CH₃ CH₃ H CH₃ H/H —CH₂— H 283 * 3 (Ex. 3) CH₃ CH₃ H CH₃ H/H —O— H 285 * 4 CH₃ CH₃ 7-CH₃ CH₃ H/H —CH₂— H 297 5 CH₃ CH₃ H CH₃ H/H —CH₂— —C(═O)CH₃ 325 6 CH₃ CH₃ H H H/H —C(CH₃)₂— CH₃ 311 7 CH₃ CH₃ H H H/H —C(CH₃)₂— H 297 8 CH₃ Cl 7-CH₃ CH₃ H/H —CH₂— H ** * See Synthesis Example for 1H NMR data. ** M.P. = 204-229° C.

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION Test A

Seeds of plant species selected from barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), kochia (Kochia scoparia), ragweed (common ragweed, Ambrosia elatior), ryegrass, It. (Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum), foxtail, green (green foxtail, Setaria viridis), and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) were planted into a blend of loam soil and sand and treated preemergence with a directed soil spray using test chemicals formulated in a non-phytotoxic solvent mixture which included a surfactant.

At the same time, plants selected from these weed species and also wheat (Triticum aestivum), corn (Zea mays), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), and galium (catchweed bedstraw, Galium aparine) were planted in pots containing the same blend of loam soil and sand and treated with postemergence applications of test chemicals formulated in the same manner. Plants ranged in height from 2 to 10 cm and were in the one- to two-leaf stage for the postemergence treatment. Treated plants and untreated controls were maintained in a greenhouse for approximately 10 d, after which time all treated plants were compared to untreated controls and visually evaluated for injury. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table A, are based on a 0 to 100 scale where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result.

TABLE A 1000 g ai/ha Compound 1000 g ai/ha Compound Postemergence 1 Postemergence 1 Barnyardgrass 60 Kochia 20 Blackgrass 70 Pigweed 80 Corn 10 Ragweed 90 Foxtail, Green 60 Ryegrass, Italian 90 Galium 100 Wheat 0 500 g ai/ha Compounds 500 g ai/ha Compounds Postemergence 2 3 6 7 Postemergence 2 3 6 7 Barnyardgrass 20 10 0 30 Kochia 90 90 0 70 Blackgrass 20 10 20 10 Pigweed 90 100 0 90 Corn 10 10 0 10 Ragweed 90 90 20 70 Foxtail, Giant — — 0 10 Ryegrass, Italian 100 60 0 80 Foxtail, Green 70 20 — — Wheat 0 0 0 0 Galium 100 — 0 70 125 g ai/ha Compounds 31 g ai/ha Compounds Postemergence 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Postemergence 4 5 8 Barnyardgrass 0 0 10 30 0 10 80 Barnyardgrass 10 20 50 Blackgrass 0 0 0 30 0 10 30 Blackgrass 0 0 20 Corn 10 0 0 20 0 0 20 Corn 0 20 0 Foxtail, Giant — — — — 0 0 80 Foxtail, Giant — — 60 Foxtail, Green 10 0 20 40 — — — Foxtail, Green 10 20 — Galium 90 — 70 90 0 50 90 Galium 40 90 90 Kochia 80 70 20 80 0 30 50 Kochia 0 70 40 Pigweed 80 80 70 100 0 80 100 Pigweed 50 70 90 Ragweed 80 60 20 80 0 0 100 Ragweed 0 30 80 Ryegrass, It. 60 10 20 80 — 30 80 Ryegrass, It. 0 70 40 Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wheat 0 0 0 1000 g ai/ha Compound 1000 g ai/ha Compound Preemergence 1 Preemergence 1 Barnyardgrass 80 Pigweed 60 Foxtail, Green 70 Ragweed 100 Kochia 70 Ryegrass, It. 100 500 g ai/ha Compounds 125 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 2 3 6 7 Preemergence 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Barnyardgrass 0 0 30 0 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 Foxtail, Giant — — 0 0 Foxtail, Giant — — — — 0 0 70 Foxtail, Green 0 0 — — Foxtail, Green 0 0 0 0 — — — Kochia 80 30 40 0 Kochia 0 10 0 10 0 0 10 Pigweed 80 60 0 10 Pigweed 0 10 0 100 0 0 100 Ragweed 90 50 0 0 Ragweed 40 0 0 80 0 0 30 Ryegrass, It. 50 10 0 10 Ryegrass, It. 40 0 0 70 0 0 10 500 g ai/ha Compounds 125 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 2 3 7 Preemergence 2 3 4 5 7 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 0 Foxtail, Giant — — 0 Foxtail, Giant — — — — 0 Foxtail, Green 0 0 — Foxtail, Green 0 0 0 0 — Kochia 80 30 0 Kochia 0 10 0 10 0 Pigweed 80 60 10 Pigweed 0 10 0 100 0 Ragweed 90 50 0 Ragweed 40 0 0 80 0 Ryegrass, It. 50 10 10 Ryegrass, It. 40 0 0 70 0 31 g ai/ha Compounds 31 g ai/ha Compounds Preemergence 4 5 8 Preemergence 4 5 8 Barnyardgrass 0 20 0 Pigweed 0 20 10 Foxtail, Green 0 0 0 Ragweed 0 20 0 Kochia 0 0 — Ryegrass, It. 0 40 0

Test B

Plant species in the flooded paddy test selected from rice (Oryza sativa), sedge, umbrella (small-flower umbrella sedge, Cyperus difformis), ducksalad (Heteranthera limosa), and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) were grown to the 2-leaf stage for testing. At the time of treatment, test pots were flooded to 3 cm above the soil surface, treated by application of test compounds directly to the paddy water, and then maintained at that water depth for the duration of the test. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for 13 to 15 d, after which time all species were compared to controls and visually evaluated. Plant response ratings, summarized in Table B, are based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 0 is no effect and 100 is complete control. A dash (-) response means no test result.

TABLE B 250 g ai/ha Compounds Flood 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Barnyardgrass 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 Ducksalad 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 Rice 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sedge, Umbrella 0 50 0 0 0 0 95 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound selected from Formula 1, N-oxides and salts thereof,

wherein W is —C(R⁷)(R⁸)— or —O—; R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₅ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₇ alkylthioalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy; R² is H, halogen, cyano, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₂-C₈ dialkylamino, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₅ cyanoalkyl, C₁-C₄ nitroalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio or C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl; each R³ is independently H, halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₂-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; n is 0 to 3; each R⁴ is independently H, halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₅ alkynyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₅ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₂-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₃-C₅ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₅ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkylthio or C₂-C₅ alkoxycarbonyl; R⁵ is H or C₁-C₅ alkyl; R⁶ is H or C₁-C₅ alkyl; R⁷ is H or C₁-C₅ alkyl; R⁸ is H or C₁-C₅ alkyl; L is a direct bond, C₁-C₄ alkanediyl or C₂-C₄ alkenediyl; G is H, C(═O)R⁹, C(═S)R⁹, CO₂R¹⁰, C(═O)SR¹⁰, S(O)₂R⁹, C(═O)N(R¹¹)(R¹²), S(═O)₂N(R¹¹)(R¹²) or P(═O)(R¹³)(R¹⁴); or C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₅ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₄ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl or C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl; or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; R⁹ and R¹¹ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl or C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl; or phenyl, benzyl, or a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each phenyl, benzyl or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; R¹⁰ is C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkyl, C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl or C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl; or phenyl, benzyl or a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each phenyl, benzyl or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; R¹² is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₂-C₇ alkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl; R¹³ is C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy; and R¹⁴ is C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy.
 2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy; R² is H, halogen, cyano, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ alkylthio or C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl; each R³ is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy; n is 0 to 2; R⁴ is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₃-C₄ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy; L is a direct bond or C₁-C₂ alkanediyl; G is H, C(═O)R⁹, C(═S)R⁹, CO₂R¹⁰, C(═O)SR¹⁰, CON(R¹¹)(R¹²) or P(═O)(R¹³)(R¹⁴); or C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkynyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₄ haloalkynyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl or C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl; R⁹ and R¹¹ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ alkynyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₁-C₇ haloalkyl; or phenyl, benzyl, or a 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each phenyl, benzyl or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; R¹⁰ is C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ alkenyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkyl or C₃-C₇ haloalkenyl; or phenyl, benzyl or a 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each phenyl, benzyl or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; R¹² is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₂-C₇ alkenyl, C₂-C₇ alkynyl or C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl; R¹³ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ alkoxy; and R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ alkoxy.
 3. The compound of claim 2 wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkylcarbonylalkyl, C₃-C₈ alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy; R² is H, halogen, cyano, —CHO, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ alkylthio; each R³ is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy; n is 0 or 1; R⁴ is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl, cyclopropyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; L is a direct bond; G is H, C(═O)R⁹, CO₂R¹⁰, CON(R¹¹)(R¹²) or P(═O)(R¹³)(R¹⁴); or C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₂-C₄ alkenyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ haloalkenyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl or C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl; R⁹ and R¹¹ are independently H, C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₃-C₇ alkenyl; or phenyl, benzyl, each phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; R¹⁰ is C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl; or phenyl or benzyl, each phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; R¹² is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl or C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl; R¹³ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy; and R¹⁴ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.
 4. The compound of claim 3 wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₄-C₇ alkylcycloalkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl; R² is H, halogen, cyano, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₂-C₇ haloalkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl, C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl, C₁-C₇ alkoxy or C₁-C₅ alkylthio; each R³ is independently H, halogen, methyl, ethyl, CF₃ or —OCHF₂; R⁴ is H, halogen, methyl, ethyl or CF₃; G is H, C(═O)R⁹, CO₂R¹⁰ or P(═O)(R¹³)(R¹⁴); or C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ haloalkyl, C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl or C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl; R⁹ is H or C₁-C₇ alkyl; or benzyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; and R¹⁰ is C₁-C₇ alkyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl.
 5. The compound of claim 4 wherein R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇ cycloalkylalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl; R² is H, halogen, cyano, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₁-C₇ haloalkyl or C₁-C₇ alkoxy; each R³ is independently H, F, Cl, Br or methyl; R⁴ is H, F, Cl, Br or methyl; R⁵ is H or methyl; R⁶ is H or methyl; R⁷ is H or methyl; R⁸ is H or methyl; G is H, C(═O)R⁹ or CO₂R¹⁰; or C₂-C₄ alkoxyalkyl or C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl; R⁹ is C₁-C₇ alkyl; or benzyl optionally substituted by halogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ haloalkyl; and R¹⁰ is CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, Ph, Ph(4-Cl), Ph(3-CF₃) or Ph(4-CF₃).
 6. The compound of claim 5 wherein W is —C(R⁷)(R⁸)—; R¹ is H, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl or C₂-C₇ alkoxyalkyl; R² is H, Cl, Br, I, cyano, methyl, CF₃ or methoxy; n is 0; R⁴ is methyl; R⁵ is H; R⁶ is H; R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H; and G is H.
 7. The compound of claim 5 wherein W is —O—; R¹ is H or C₁-C₇ alkyl; R² is H, Cl, methyl or methoxy; n is 0; R⁴ is methyl; R⁵ is H; R⁶ is H; and G is H.
 8. A compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of 4-(3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3-(2H)-pyridazinone; and 5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl)-3-(2H)-pyridazinone.
 9. A herbicidal composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents.
 10. A herbicidal composition comprising a compound of claim 1, at least one additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of other herbicides and herbicide safeners, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents.
 11. A herbicidal mixture comprising (a) a compound of claim 1, and (b) at least one additional active ingredient selected from (b1) photosystem II inhibitors, (b2) acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors, (b3) acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, (b4) auxin mimics, (b5) 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors, (b6) photosystem I electron diverters, (b7) protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, (b8) glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors, (b9) very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) elongase inhibitors, (b10) auxin transport inhibitors, (b11) phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors, (b12) 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, (b13) homogentisate solenesyltransererase (HST) inhibitors, (b14) cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, (b15) other herbicides including mitotic disruptors, organic arsenicals, asulam, bromobutide, cinmethylin, cumyluron, dazomet, 2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone, difenzoquat, dymron, etobenzanid, flurenol, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, hydantocidin, metam, methyldymron, oleic acid, oxaziclomefone, pelargonic acid and pyributicarb, and (b16) herbicide safeners; and salts of compounds of (b1) through (b16).
 12. A method for controlling the growth of undesired vegetation comprising contacting the vegetation or its environment with a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of claim
 1. 